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A Speach is Heard, Not Read

The average speech has only one brief exposure - the few minutes during which the speaker is presenting it. There is no chance to go back, no time to let it slowly digest, no opportunity for clarification. The message must get acrosss now or never.


You may be an accomplished writer, but you must realize that speaking is something else. The words may be the same, but the grammar, rhetoric, and phrasing are differ­ent. It is a different mode of expression - a different language.

One major difference is that you have to build up to a major point and prepare the audience for what is coming. The lead of a written story attempts to say everything in about 15 to 25 words right at the beginning. If a speaker used the same form, most of the audience probably wouldn't hear it. When a speaker begins to talk, the audience is still settling down - so the first one or two minutes are devoted to giving unimportant information: a humorous comment, remarks on how nice it is to be there, and so on.

You should also be aware that people's minds wander. As your speech progresses, you must restate basic points and also summarize your general message.

One platitude of the speaking circuit, but still a valid one, is to "tell them what you are going to tell them, tell it to them, and then tell them what you have told them". In this way, an audience is given a series of guideposts as they listen to the talk.

Some concepts used by writers are of course transferable to speaking. The words you use should be clear, concise, short and definite. Use words that specify, explain, and paint pictures for the audience.

О Vocabulary:

imperative - необходимость

incorporate - включить

exposure - представление, освещение

present - представлять

digest - усвоить

clarification - разъяснение

accomplished - искусный, совершенный

rhetoric - риторика; ораторское искусство

lead - основная часть

build up - подготавливать, подводить к ч.-л.

settle down - устроиться

wander - отклоняться, отвлекаться

platitude - банальность, расхожая истина

circuit - схема

valid - веский, важный

guidepost - указатель, ориентир

transferable - переводимый

Exercices---------------------------------------------------------------------------

i) Find the English equivalents in the text. Use them in sentences of your own:

основная структура; средство выражения; важное различие; важный момент; с самого начала; шутливое замечание; осознавать ч.-л.; повторить еще раз; основная мысль.

2) Find the words in the text that would describe or mean the following:

1. to prepare for a particular moment or event -


1. things that are said and written on television and in newspapers that make a person or event known to a lot of people -

2. to understand new information after thinking about it carefully -

3. very skillful -

4. the art of speaking or writing to persuade or influence people -

5. a statement that has been made many times before and is not interesting or smart -

3) Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. 1 could see my sister was building up to telling me something.

6. The convention brought money and media exposure to this small city.

7. It took a while to digest the theory.

8. I'm sorry my mind was wandering. What did you say?

9. They had some valid concerns about the safety of the airplane.

10.History is an important guidepost for leaders.

4) Match the words which are close in their meaning:

 

aware proficient
brief perceptible
clear compressed
definite awake
accomplished exact

5) Match the words having the opposite meaning:

 

brief obscure
accomplished unconscious
definite inept
clear lengthy
aware uncertain

6) Complete the sentences and translate them into Russian (ccomplished; digest;
build up; wander; exposure):

1. There is no chance to go back, no time to let it slowly

2. The average speech has only one brief____________.

3. You may be an__________ writer.

4. One major difference is that you have to_____________ to a major point.

5. You should also be aware that people's mind____________.

7) Insert prepositions (for; into; to; on):

to build up smth. to be transferable__________ smth.

to prepare________ smth. to incorporate smth.__________ smth.

to be devoted smth. an opportunity__________ smth.

a remark________ smth.

I 203


8) Write down 7 questions to the text beginning with:

in what way; why; what; how long; how many words; with what purpose; what sort of words.

9) Can you explain the following:

1. The message must get across now or never.

2. It is a different mode of expression - a different language.

3. Use words that specify, explain, and point pictures for the audience.

 




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Finding Speakers | Sum up the text. Write down one sentence. | In every paragraph find one sentence showing the main idea of it. | Coaching Speakers | Grooming | Speaker's Bureau Reaches a Diverse Audience | Interview Tips | Exercises г——-------------- _--------------- _——___—__—_—_ | A Speech Must Have an Objective | Make up 10 questions to the text using the words from the vocabulary list. |


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