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EMPLOYEES SAY:
1. Lack of trust in leaders
2. Not enough pay
3. Unhealthy/undesirable culture
4. Lack of honesty/integrity/ethics
5. Lack of opportunity for training and development
MANAGERS SAY:
1. Not enough pay
2. Unexpected job/career opportunity
3. Decision to change career
4. Lack of work-life balance
5. Lack of opportunity for training and development
Unit 8. Production
Part 1. Production decisions
Assignment 1. Answer the following questions:
1) What particular skills do you think production and operations managers require?
2)What do you think the objectives of a production department usually are?
Assignment 2. These are some basic words used in relation to industrial production. Match them up with the definitions below.
capacity, component, inventory, lead time, location, outsourcing or contracting out, plant, subcontractor
1) any company that provides goods or services for another one
2)any of the pieces or parts that make up a product, machine, etc.
3) buying products or processed materials from other companies rather than manufacturing them
4) the (maximum) rate of output that can be achieved from a production process
5) the buildings, machines, equipment and other facilities used in the production process
6) the geographical situation of a factory or other facility
7) the stock of any item or resource used in an organization (including raw materials, parts, supplies, work in process and finished products)
8) the time needed to perform an activity (i.e. to manufacture or deliver something)
Assignment 3. After it has been decided what to manufacture, operations managers have to decide where to manufacture the different products, how much productive capacity their factories and plants should have, and how much inventory to maintain. Read the 15 sentences below, and classify them under the following six headings. Some sentences may fall under two headings.
A The consequences of insufficient capacity
B The consequences of excess capacity
C The advantages of large facilities
D The disadvantages of large facilities
E The advantages of having a large inventory
F The disadvantages of having a large inventory
1) A long lead time may allow competitor to enter the market
2) Average fixed cost per unit drops as volume increases because each succeeding unit absorbs part of the fixed costs, giving economies of scale.
3) Finding staff and coordinating material flow become expensive and difficult.
4) If lead time increases, some customers may go to other suppliers.
5) Lost sales and market share are usually permanent.
6) The working environment might worsen and industrial relations deteriorate.
7) There are costs of storage, handling, insurance, depreciation, the opportunity cost of capital, and so on.
8) You can be more flexible in product scheduling, and have longer lead times and lower cost operation through larger production runs with fewer set-ups.
9) There is always a risk of obsolescence, theft, breakage, and so on.
10) You can meet variation in product demand.
11) You may be under-utilizing your work force.
12) You have protection against variation in raw material delivery time (due to shortages, strikes, lost orders, incorrect or defective shipments, etc.).
13) You may be forced to produce additional less profitable products.
14) You can take advantage of quantity discounts in purchasing.
15) You may have to reduce prices to stimulate demand.
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