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I. Think of the causes originating graphon (young age, a physical defect of speech, lack of education, the influence of dialectal norms, affectation, intoxication, carelessness in speech, etc.):
1. He began to render the famous tune "I lost my heart in an English garden. Just where the roses of England grow" with much feeling:
"Ah-ee last mah-ee hawrt een ahn Angleesh gawrden,
Jost whahr thah rawzaz ahv Angland graw." (H. Caine)
2. The b-b-b-b-bastard – he seen me c-c-c-c-coming. (R.P.Warren)
3. "Oh, well, then, you just trot over to the table and make your little mommy a gweat big dwink." (E. Albey)
4. "I allus remember me man sayin' to me when I passed me scholarship - 'You break one o'my winders an' I'll skin ye alive.' (St. Barstow)
5. Usually she was implacable in defence of her beloved fragment of the coast and if the summer weekenders grew brazen, – getoutofitsillyoldmoo, itsthesoddingbeach, – she would turn the garden hose remorselessly upon them. (S. Rushdie)
6. You don’t mean to thay that thith ith your firth time. (D.Cusack)
II. Discuss the following cases of morphemic foregrounding:
1. He's no public offender, bless you, now! He's medalled and ribboned, and starred, and crossed, and I don't know what all'd, like a born nobleman. (Ch. Dickens)
2. Well, a kept woman is somebody who is perfumed, and clothed, and wined, and dined, and sometimes romanced heavily. (J. Carson)
3. Militant feminists grumble that history is exactly what it says – His-story – and not Her story at all. (D. Barthelme)
4. This dree to-ing and fro-ing persisted throughout the night and the next day. (D. Barthelme)
5. "I'm going to build me the God-damnedest, biggest, chromium-platedest, formaldehyde-stinkingest free hospital and health center." (R.Warren)
6. So: I'm not just talented. I'm geniused. (Sh. Delaney)
7. I'll disown you, I'll disinherit you, I'll unget you. (R. Sheridan)
III. Identify the type and the functions of literary words.
1. If manners maketh man, then manner and grooming maketh poodle. (J. Steinbeck)
2. I saw thee weep – the big bright tear
Came o’er that eye of blue;
And then methought it did appear
A violet dropping dew (Wordsworth)
3. Anthony clapped him affectionately on the back. "You're a real knight-errant, Jimmy," he said. (A. Christie)
4. “Prithee, do me so much favour, as to inquire after my astrologer, Martinys Galeotti, and send him hither to me presently.” (W.Scott)
5. She caught herself criticizing his belief that, since his joke about trying to keep her out of the poorhouse had once been accepted as admirable humor, it should continue to be his daily bon mot. (S.Lewis)
6. "Tyree, you got half of the profits!" Dr. Bruce shouted. "You're my de facto partner."
"What that de facto mean. Doc?"
"Papa, it means you are a partner in fact and in law", Fishbelly told him. (R. Write)
7. Yates remained serious. "We have time, Herr Zippman, to try schnapps. Are there any German troups in Neustadt?"
"No, Herr Offizier, that's just what I've to tell you. This morning, four gentlemen in all, we went out of Neustadt to meet the Herren Americaner. " (St.Heim)
IV. Think of the types of additional information supplied by the colloquial words in the following sentences. Specify their type and functions. Suggest a literary equivalent if possible.
1. Going down the stairs he overheard one beanied freshman he knew talking to another. "Did you see that black cat with the black whiskers who had those binocks in front of us? That's my comp prof." (B.Malamud)
2. "Let me warn you that the doc is a frisky bacheldore, Carol. Come on, now, folks, shake a leg. Let's have some stunts or dance or something." (S.Lewis)
3. "I didn't know you knew each other," I said.
"A long time ago it was," Jean said. "We did History Final together at Coll." (J. Kilty)
4. A hyena crossed the open on his way around the hill. "That bastard crosses there every night," the man said. (E. Hemingway)
5. “Poor son of a bitch,” he said. “I feel sorry for him, and I’m sorry I was bastardly.” (J. Jones)
V. Comment on the usage of phraseology
1. Angus read it at a sitting, or a lying really. He read it in bed on Christmas night, staying awake till three to do so. (R.Rendell)
2. Paco came and went. Pablo came and went. Each complained Ann was ungenerous with him on his departure. And then there was Paul. <…> It was, for Ann Grenville, lust at first sight. (D.Dunne).
3. Blackie’s expression altered radically. “She was just being catty, Emma. Edwina’s got a chip on her shoulder the size of that old oak tree out younder in my garden. She’ll never change” (B.T. Bradford)
VI. Analyse the following sentences and classify syntactical EM and SDs:
1. Obviously – this is a streptococcal infection. Obviously. (W. Deeping)
2. Now he understood. He understood many things. One can be a person first. A man first and then a black man or a white man. (P. Abrahams)
3. She watched the butler whisper in her husband’s ear, and she kept on talking. She saw her husband nod his head, and she kept on talking. She met her husband’s eye as he glanced furtively at her and looked away again, and she kept on talking. She followed with her eyes as her husband left Edith Bleeker’s drawing room, and she kept on talking. (D.Dunne)
4. The expression of his face, the movement of his shoulders, the turn of his spine, the gesture of his hands, probably even the twiddle of his toes, all indicated a half-humorous apology. (S. Maugham)
5. They all stood, high and dry, safe and sound, hale and hearty, upon the steps of the Blue Lion. (Ch. Dickens)
6. What is it? Who is it? When was it? Where was it? (Ch. Dickens)
7. Gentleness in passion! What could have been more seductive to the scared, starved heart of that girl? (J. Conrad)
8. In manner, close and dry. In voice, husky and low. In face, watchful behind a blind. (Ch. Dickens)
9. She merely looked at him weakly. The wonder of him! The beauty of love! Her desire toward him! (Th. Dreiser)
10. "People liked to be with her. And -" She paused again, " - and she was crazy about you." (R. Warren)
11. What I had seen of Patti didn't really contradict Kitty's view of her: a girl who means well, but. (D. Uhnak)
12. I like big parties. They're so intimate. At small parties there isn't any privacy. (Sc.Fitzgerald)
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