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Political crises.

The concept of crisis is a wide variety of meanings. Indeed, it is used in various fields, such as medicine, economics, management, public administration, communications, history, psychology, political science, and international relations. Originally coming from medicine, crisis is defined by Georges Canguilhem as “change heralded by some symptoms, occurring during an illness, through which the patient’s life will be saved or not.”

Major international crises are described as powerful changes which form some rigid orientations for parts of the global system. Some analysts such as Charles McClelland and Oran Young have made descriptions of crises from the perspective of the international system. According to McClelland, an international crisis is a ‘change of situation’ that takes place in the actions between the rivals and affects the entire international political system. Likewise, extraordinary amounts of system inputs are converted into new outputs to escalate interstate relationships, and those become other inputs again to continue the process in the same way. Thus, it passes beyond a normal point/level in the course of reciprocal actions in international system regarding the intensity and the volume of the relationship.

Major international crises are described as powerful changes which form some rigid orientations for parts of the global system. Some analysts such as Charles McClelland and Oran Young have made descriptions of crises from the perspective of the international system. According to McClelland, an international crisis is a ‘change of situation’ that takes place in the actions between the rivals and affects the entire international political system. Likewise, extraordinary amounts of system inputs are converted into new outputs to escalate interstate relationships, and those become other inputs again to continue the process in the same way. Thus, it passes beyond a normal point/level in the course of reciprocal actions in international system regarding the intensity and the volume of the relationship.

If the definitions of crises are observed in international politics, five basic shared-components of crises can be discerned:

1) Significant increases in national military activities are observed in critical periods when there are crisis situations in international politics, especially when certain ‘crisis management operations’ are maintained.

2) Unexpected occurrences at the international or national level are the cause of most crises.

3) The decision maker is supposed to act quickly, and she/he must be able to make a decision urgently in such unexpected events/situations.

4) Crises may harm the real or perceived interests of governments.

5) Crises, as major threats to the interests of governments, are quite difficult to estimate or predict since they are defined as unexpected occurrences.