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The term "democracy" originates from the antiquity and denotes "people`s power" (from the Greek: demos – "people" and kratos –"power"). It has become the most widely spread in politics. But as a result of wide use it lost the clear content. Up to now, political science has not worked out common approaches to state the definition of democracy. Different authors just specificate separate components of democracy, for example, the power of majority, its limitation and controlling, the basic laws of citizens, law and social statehood, separation of powers, general elections, publicity, competitive ability among various opinions and positions, pluralism, parity, participation, etc.
Direct democracies[edit]
A direct democracy or pure democracy is a type of democracy where the people govern directly. Athenian democracy or classical democracy refers to a direct democracy developed in ancient times in the Greek city-state of Athens. A popular democracy is a type of direct democracy based on referendums and other devices of empowerment and concretization of popular will.
An industrial democracy is an arrangement which involves workers making decisions, sharing responsibility and authority in the workplace (see also workplace democracy).
Intra-party democracy refers to the democratic process within a single-party state government. Scholars[ citation needed ] debate if theChinese Communist Party resembles this process during leadership transitions.
Representative democracies[edit]
A representative democracy is an indirect democracy where sovereignty is held by the people's representatives.
A liberal democracy is a representative democracy with protection for individual liberty and property by rule of law. An illiberal democracyhas weak or no limits on the power of the elected representatives to rule as they please.
Types of representative democracy include:
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· Electoral democracy – type of representative democracy based on election, on electoral vote, as modern occidental or liberal democracies.
· Dominant-party system – democratic party system where only one political party can realistically become the government, by itself or in a coalition government.
· Parliamentary democracy – democratic system of government where the executive branch of a parliamentary government is typically a cabinet, and headed by a prime minister who is considered the head of government.
· Westminster democracy – parliamentary system of government modeled after that of the United Kingdom system.
· Jacksonian democracy – form of democracy popularized by President Andrew Jackson promoted the strength of the executive branch and the Presidency at the expense of Congressional power.
· Soviet democracy or Council democracy – form of democracy where the workers of a locality elect recallable representatives into organs of power called soviets (councils.) The local soviets elect the members of regional soviets who go on to elect higher soviets.
· Totalitarian democracy – system of government in which lawfully elected representatives maintain the integrity of a nation state whose citizens, while granted the right to vote, have little or no participation in the decision-making process of the government.
A demarchy has people randomly selected from the citizenry through sortition to either act as general governmental representatives or to make decisions in specific areas of governance (defense, environment, etc.).
A non-partisan democracy is system of representative government or organization such that universal and periodic elections (by secret ballot) take place without reference to political parties.
An organic or authoritarian democracy is a democracy where the ruler holds a considerable amount of power, but their rule benefits the people. The term was first used by supporters of Bonapartism.[2]
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