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Dangerous animals would never be allowed lo travel in the cabin of a passenger jet, though they might be transported in the hold or on a special cargo flight. International rules on transporting animals by air are strict and the only kind accepted on board are household pets, typically cats and small dogs. Even then the number accepted on any particular flight is limited (advance reservation required), a health certificate has to be produced and a special fee will be charged. This is sometimes higher than the accompanying passenger's fare. Some airlines refuse to accept any animals at all. While airlines are primarily concerned with safety issues, there are also regulations concerning the welfare of the animal being transported.
Shipping animals in the hold or sending them by cargo is different, but still subject to strict regulation. The animals are much less likely to cause any disruption to the safe operation of the flight, providing they are properly secured. The welfare of the animals being transported is also a key concern.
Horses are not an uncommon cargo and often an extremely valuable one (when considering the worth of a racehorse or the horses that participale in show jumping). Transporting horses safely and with a minimum of stress (they can be badly affected by this) is a task which requires expertise. They are not generally sedated as this can be harmful. The recommended procedure is that the horse travels with its groom, who can comfort it as necessary during the flight and provide it with the right amounts of food and water. If horses became seriously upset, they could cause a safety risk to the operation of a flight, so horses are never flown on the same airplane as passengers. Pilots and air traffic controllers do sometimes need to adjust their procedures accordingly. Pilots are strongly advised to climb and descend at a gradual rate (so as not to disturb a horse's balance). Air traffic controllers are advised to ensure as far as possible that delays to any flight with horses aboard be kept to a minimum.
The transportation of horses is a lucrative market with healthy profits to be made by the operators.
Answer the following questions:
1. Why do airports and runways attract birds and other animals?
2. Why should they be kept away?
3. What do bird strikes refer to in aviation?
4. At what altitudes can bird strike occur?
5. When are large passenger aircraft exposed to danger of a bird strike?
6. What is engine ingestion?
7. What does it affect?
8. What is the safest course for the pilot who suspects damage in one of the engine?
9. What are the measures taken to keep birds away?
10. What is the aircraft manufacturers’ role?
11. What are the other hazards caused by?
12. What are the demands on aircraft engines?
13. What is the most important requirement for an engine?
14. What does a lot of the basic training for pilots of a single-engine aircraft deal with? Why?
15. What is the requirement for a passenger jet in Europe?
16. What is the standard procedure in case of engine failure for a multi-engine aircraft?
17. What is one of the most dangerous times for an engine to fail? Why?
18. At what speed may a pilot be able to abort take off?
19. What is the required procedure if traveling at higher speed?
20. Is failure of one engine on a four-engine aircraft threatening? Why?
21. Might dangerous animals be transported in the passenger cabin?
22. What animals are allowed to be transported on board?
23. Are there any restrictions or special conditions for transporting animals?
24. What are the requirements for transporting horses?
25. How do pilots and air traffic controllers adjust their procedures in case of horses transporting?
Unit 5
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