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"Technology and science always (fascinate) me," Reddy (recall).Born in Bangalore, he (attend) a boarding school where technology was stressed. An interest in physics (lead) to electronics, which (lead) to programming and on to computer science.
In 1992 Reddy (earn) an undergraduate degree in computer engineering from the Bangalore Institute of Technology, and then (go) to work at the Indian Space Research Organization. There he (develop) an automated satellite-maintenance system. Reddy's smart software (rely) on a then-new concept in artificial intelligence called the model-based expert system. Unlike traditional rule-based systems, it (operate) without explicit instructions. Instead it (simulate) the behavior of the satellite's components, identifying and understanding faults as they (occur).
After the project (end), Reddy (consider) getting a master's degree or working for a software company. But another idea had taken his imagination in tow. And so he (begin) working out the details for what would become Gray Cell.
Ex. 5. Complete the sentences with one of the following verbs in the Past Simple.
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help consume keep use grow begin account result reach vary
1. In 1998, China ______ 28,5 EJ coal, which ______ for 72 percent of total energy consumption.
2. Strict but effective regulations ______ hold energy demand in check.
3. The government often ______ a multi-tier system of pricing.
4. More extensive price reforms ______ in the early '90s.
5. These, however, ______ in rapidly rising energy prices.
6. The central government ______ most coal prices below market value until the late '80s.
7. The number of private and locally owned coal mines ______
rapidly.
8. The situation ______ a critical stage in the late '90s.
9. This set of reforms ______ solve some finance problems.
10. Prices for electric power ______ considerably across provinces and within small regions.
Ex. 6. Choose the most suitable tense.
1. (Did you see/Have you seen) my bag anywhere? I can't find it.
2. Larry (is writing/has been writing/has written) his novel for the last two years without getting further than Chapter One.
3. From the minute he got up this morning Gary (asked/has asked/has been asking) silly questions.
4. (Have you given/Did you give) Helen my message when you (have seen/saw) her?
5. Sorry, could you say that again? I (didn't listen/haven't listened/haven't been listening) to you.
6. The police think that they (found/have found) your missing wallet, so call this number.
7. I don't think we'll go swimming after all because the weather (changed/has changed/has been changing).
8. How was your holiday in Italy? (Did you visit/Have you visited) lots of interesting places?
9. (Did you two meet/Have you two met) before? Eric, this is Amanda.
10. (Did you meet/Have you met) anyone interesting at the reception?
11. I (haven't seen/didn't see) much of Al lately.
12. "Who is she?" "I ('ve never seen/never saw) her before."
13. I ('ve done/did) a lot of stupid things in my life.
14. She (has left/left) school last year.
15. When (have you got/did you get) married?
16. I'm sorry.I (haven't finished/didn't finish) yet.
17. I ('ve often wondered/often wondered) what he does for a living.
18. He (has caught/caught) the plane at eight this morning.
19. I ('ve read/read) a lot of her books when I was at school.
20. (Have you seen/Did you see) any good films recently?
Ex. 7. Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite.
1. I (play) a lot of tennis this year.
2. She (have) six different jobs since she graduated from the university.
3. How many cups of coffee (you drink) today?
4. In those days, Andrew (come) to stay with us most weekends.
5. Shakespeare (write) poems as well as plays.
6. Since my brother lost his job, he (write) two books.
7. Would you believe I (make) twenty-three phone calls today?
8. Mary (go) to Australia for a while but she's back again now.
9. I did German at school but I (forget) most of it.
10. I meant to phone Diane last night but I (forget).
11. I (have) a headache earlier but I feel fine now.
12. They're still building the new road. They (not/finish) it.
13. "Is Helen still here?" "No, she (just/go) out.
14. Ann (give) me her address but I'm afraid I (lose) it.
15. What do you think of my English? Do you think I (improve)?
16. I (not read) her latest book.
17. Columbus (not discover) America: the Indians already (know) where it was.
18. Amazing news! Scientists (discover) a new planet!
19. Who (give) Shakespeare his first job?
20. I (never enjoy) a holiday as much as this one.
Ex. 8. Put each verb in brackets into either the Past Simple, the Present Perfect, or the Present Perfect Continuous.
It was announced in London this morning that the British Oil Corporation (discover) oil under the sea near the Welsh coast. The company, which (drill) for oil in the area since 1990, (find) small amounts of oil near Swansea last month, and since then (discover) larger amounts under the seabed nearby. Last year the government (lend) over £50,000,000 to BOC, and (give) permission for the company to build an oil refinery and other facilities in South Wales.
The reaction of local people to today's news (be) mixed so far. Local MPs (already welcome) the news, pointing out that the oil industry will bring badly needed jobs to the area. But local residents are worried about the danger of pollution. "Nobody (ask) us yet what we want," said Ann Griffiths, leader of the Keep Out The Oil Campaign. "Look what (happen) when they (find) oil in Scotland in the 1960s. The oil companies (get) rich, not the local people. BOC (not tell) us the truth about what this is going to mean for our people." A BOC spokesman later (refuse) to comment. Meanwhile local campaigners (ask) the government to hold an inquiry.
Ex. 9. Translate into English using the Past Indefinite.
1. Сколько времени длился симпозиум?
2. Вы приняли участие в студенческой конференции в прошлом семестре?
3. Кто выступал на конференции?
4. На конференции было много иностранных гостей.
5. Были ли интересные выступления?
6. Студент был в университете два дня тому назад.
7. Во время нашего последнего эксперимента в трубе было много воды.
8. Произошло много реакций, которые помогли нам решить проблему.
9. В Москве в прошлом месяце состоялась научная конференция по физике.
10. Не было ни одного дня, когда бы они не работали.
11. В России до Ломоносова не было химических лабораторий.
12. Аспиранты говорили с преподавателем по-английски?
13. Преподаватель вошел в химическую лабораторию.
14. Он показал студентам, каким образом нагревание влияет на структуру различных веществ.
15. Студенты наблюдали за опытом с большим вниманием.
16. Затем преподаватель ответил на вопросы студентов.
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