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Task 2. Read the text and fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions:
The atmosphere of Earth is a layer 1)___ gases surrounding the planet Earth that is retained 2) ___ Earth’s gravity. The atmosphere protects life 3) ___ Earth by absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface 4) ___ heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes 5) ___ day and night.
Atmospheric stratification describes the structure of the atmosphere, dividing it 6) ___ distinct layers, each with specific characteristics such as temperature or composition. The atmosphere becomes thinner and thinner 7) ___ increasing altitude, with no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space.
An altitude of 120 km is where atmospheric effects become noticeable during atmospheric re-entry of a spacecraft. The Kármán line, at 100 km, also is often regarded as the boundary 8) ___ atmosphere and outer space.
Air, the name given to the atmosphere, is used 9) ___ breathing and photosynthesis. Dry air contains roughly (by volume) 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.039% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapour, 10) ___ average around 1%. While air content and atmospheric pressure vary at different layers, air suitable 11) ___ the survival of terrestrial plants and terrestrial animals is currently only known to be found 12) ___ Earth’s troposphere and artificial atmospheres.
The ozone layer is contained 13) ___ the stratosphere. Its thickness varies seasonally and geographically.
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