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Coal, oil and gas – fossil fuels – are called conventional fuels because people are accustomed to using them. Today, approximately 80 % of the energy consumed worldwide comes from burning petroleum, natural gas, and coal. However, coal is the dirtiest fuel to burn because it has many impurities which influence the environment.
Lead-in
Discuss the questions.
1. What impacts of mining and mineral extraction on the atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere do you know?
2. What stages of mineral extraction from the subsurface do you know?
Comment upon the following statements. How do you think they are connected with the theme of the lecture?
1. In its broadest ecological context, economic development is the development of more intensive ways of exploiting the natural environment.
~Richard Wilkinson
2. Waste is a tax on the whole people.
~Albert W. Atwood
Terms and Vocabulary
| Contamination | загрязнение |
| Gangue | пустая порода, породные примеси |
| Tailings | хвосты, шлам |
| Ablation | абляция, вынос |
| Retention | удержание |
| Particulate | частица |
| Enrichment | обогащение |
| Processing | обработка |
| Runoff | сток |
| Smelter | плавильная печь |
| Waste tip | отвальная куча, отвал |
| Precipitator | осадитель, фильтр |
Pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words.
Metalliferous [mеtə′lıfərəs] pyrometallurgical [′paırəumetə′lə׃dʒık(ə)l]
Technology [tek′nolədʒı] potentially [pəu′ten⌠(ə)lı]
Aerosol [′εərəusol] concentration [¸konsn'treı∫n]
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