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1) Do you have any associations you have when you hear Lviv and UNESCO’s World Heritage List?
2) Read the text and find the information to complete the following sentences:
· Lviv is a city in the western part of Ukraine which …………………….
· The city has many industries and institutions of higher education such as …………
· The historic city centre is on …………………..
· Lviv was founded in 1256 in Red Ruthenia by ………………….
· The public transport network is mainly represented by ……………………
· Lviv is a city of religious variety and there ………………………
· Lviv is an important education centre of Ukraine. It is home to …………………
· Lviv was an important centre for sport in Central Europe and is regarded as ………………..
· Lviv is building a new separate stadium from its now already established “Ukraina” Stadium to …………………………………….
3) Study the definitions of the following words:
Cobblestone – a small round stone set in the ground, especially in the past, to make a hard surface for a road.
To be unscathed – not injured or harmed by something.
World-class – among the best in the world.
Public transportation – a system or method for carrying passengers from one place to another.
Gateway – a place, especially a city, that you can go through in order to reach another much bigger place.
Community – the people who live in the same area, town or a group of people who have the same interests, religion, race.
State-owned – something that belongs to a state.
To assemble – to gather together a large number of people or things in one place, often for a particular purpose.
Ethnic – relating to a particular race, nation or tribe and their customs and traditions.
Lviv is a city in the western part of Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically also for Ukraine’s neighbour, Poland, as the city before WWII and the following population transfers was the second most important Polish cultural centre. The historical heart of Lviv with its old buildings and cobblestone roads has survived World War II and ensuing Soviet presence largely unscathed. The city has many industries and institutions of higher education such as the Lviv University and the Lviv Polytechnic. Lviv is also a home to many world-class cultural institutions, including a philharmonic orchestra and the famous Lviv Theatre of Opera and Ballet.
The historic city centre is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Lviv's historic centre has been on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage list since 1998. UNESCO gave the following reasons for its selection:
1) Lviv is an outstanding example of the fusion of the architectural and artistic traditions of eastern Europe with those of Italy and Germany.
2) The political and commercial role of Lviv attracted to it a number of ethnic groups with different cultural and religious traditions, who established separate yet interdependent communities within the city, evidence for which is still discernible in the modern town's landscape.
3) Most Lviv's historic churches, buildings and relics date from the 13th century.
Lviv was founded in 1256 in Red Ruthenia by King Danylo Halytskyi of the Ruthenian principality of Halych-Volhynia, and named in honour of his son, Lev. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the city remained a part of the now independent Ukraine, for which it currently serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast. Lviv is located on the edge of the Roztochia Upland, approximately 70 km from the Polish border and 160 km (100 miles) from the eastern Carpathian Mountains. Lviv remains today one of the main centres of Ukrainian culture and the origin of much of the nation's political class.
The public bus network is mainly represented by mini-buses. Large buses are inconvenient due to the traffic conditions of the narrow streets in the central historical part of the city. People call these mini-buses marshrutka (route taxi) and they operate over the whole city.
One more way of public transportation in Lviv is "rail bus". This is a motor-rail car that runs from the largest district of Lviv to the one of the largest industrial zones going through the central railway station. Lviv railway is often called a main gateway from Ukraine to Europe although buses are often a cheaper and more convenient way of entering the "Schengen" countries.
Lviv is a city of religious variety and there have been conflicts between different faiths. At one point over 60 churches existed in the city. The largest Christian churches have existed in the city since the 13th century.
Lviv is an important education centre of Ukraine. It is home to three major universities and a number of smaller schools of higher education. There are eight institutes of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, more than forty research institutes, three academies and eleven state-owned colleges. Lviv University is one of the oldest in Central Europe and was founded as a Society of Jesus (Jesuit) school in 1608.
Lviv was an important centre for sport in Central Europe and is regarded as the birth–place of Polish football. Lviv now has several major professional football clubs and some smaller clubs. FC Karpaty Lviv, founded in 1963, plays in the first division of the Ukrainian Premier League. Sometimes citizens of Lviv assemble on the central street (Freedom Avenue) to watch and cheer during outdoor broadcasts of games. Lviv is building a new separate stadium from its now already established “Ukraina” Stadium to host three group matches during EURO 2012.
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