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The University of Balamand

Directions: Each question below contains four suggested responses. Select the one best response to each question.

1. The upper motor neuron impairment produces the following change of muscles tone:
1. flaccidity
2. spasticity
3. “cog wheel” rigidity
4. myoclonia

Answer: 2

1. The muscular wasting (hypotrophy) usually develops with disease in:
1. upper motor neuron
2. lower motor neuron
3. cerebellar
4. caudate

Answer: 2

1. The temperature & pin sense loss usually develops with disease in:
1. anterior horns of spinal cord
2. posterior horns of spinal cord
3. lateral horns of spinal cord
4. posterior columns of spinal cord

Answer: 2

1. A glove-&-stocking pattern of sensory disturbance usually develops with disease in:
1. peripheral nerves
2. the spinal cord
3. the brainstem
4. the thalamus

Answer: 1

1. Babinsky response usually develops with damage in:
1. upper motor neuron
2. lower motor neuron
3. cerebellar
4. thalamus

Answer: 1

1. The presence of ataxia suggests damage to any of the following EXCEPT:
1. cerebellar
2. thalamus
3. vestibular nucleus
4. vagal nerve

Answer: 4

1. The ability to walk along a straight line is most often impaired with:
1. cerebellar dysfunction
2. parietal lobe damage
3. temporal lobe damage
4. ocular motor disturbances

Answer: 1

1. Parkinsonism includes combination of the following:
1. tremor, bradykinesia & muscles rigidity
2. paresis, anesthesia & muscles spasticity
3. chorea & muscles hypotonia
4. tremor, ataxia & muscles hypotonia

Answer: 1

1. Hemiplegia, hemianesthesia & hemianopia develop together with disease in the:
1. spinal cord
2. internal capsule
3. thalamus
4. brainstem

Answer: 2

1. Affection of the cerebellar may produce any of the following EXCEPT:
1. positive Romberg’s test
2. positive finger to nose test
3. positive heel to knee test
4. positive Rinner & Weber test

Answer: 4

1. Brown-Sequard syndrome develops with the following damage of the spinal cord:
1. complete transversal
2. anterior horns
3. half transversal
4. posterior horns

Answer: 3

1. The presence of ptosis suggests damage to cranial nerve:
1. IV
2. V
3. III
4. VII

Answer: 3

1. The presence of dysphagia suggests damage to cranial nerves:
1. V-VII
2. IX-X
3. VII-XI
4. III-VI

Answer: 2

1. The presence of dysarthria suggests damage to cranial nerve:
1. V
2. XI
3. XII
4. VIII

Answer: 3

1. The damage to IX, X & XII cranial nerves produce:
1. bulbar palsy
2. pseudobulbar palsy
3. Brown-Sequard syndrome
4. Argyle-Robertson syndrome

Answer: 1

1. Dysphasia suggests the impairment of:
1. speech
2. gait
3. swallowing
4. movement

Answer: 1

1. The Broca’s area is located in the lobe:
1. frontal
2. parietal
3. temporal
4. occipital

Answer: 1

1. The patient with apraxia cannot:
1. name his fingers
2. carry out an imagined act
3. draw simple diagrams
4. speak fluently

Answer: 2

1. Meningeal sign is the following:
1. Babinsky
2. Kernig
3. Lasseg
4. Romberg

Answer: 2

1. Any of the following syndromes is the involuntary movement EXCEPT:
1. chorea
2. tic
3. tremor
4. paresis

Answer: 4

1. Pathological reflex, occurred in central paralysis (upper motor neuron lesion) is the following:
1. Brudzinsky
2. Nery
3. Babynsky
4. Brown-Sequard

Answer: 3

1. Fibrillations (fasciculations) may develop with disease in:
1. lateral column of the spinal cord
2. posterior horn of the spinal cord
3. anterior horn of the spinal cord
4. internal capsule

Answer: 3

1. Bilateral affection of spinal cord at the cervical level may produce the following syndrome:
1. hemiplegia
2. paraplegia
3. tetraplegia
4. monoplegia

Answer: 3

1. Central paresis, loss of proprioceptive sensation on one side & loss of exteroceptive sensation on the opposite form the following syndrome:
1. Lambert-Iton
2. Matskevich-Shtrumpel
3. Argile-Robertson
4. Brown-Sequard

Answer: 4

1. The polyneuropathic pattern of sensory loss suggests presence of the following syndrome:
1. numbness & pain in distal parts of extremities
2. numbness & analgesia in half of the body
3. pain & sensory ataxia in half of the body
4. analgesia & sensory ataxia in proximal parts of extremities

Answer: 1

1. The presence of hemianesthesia, hemianopia & sensory hemiataxia suggests damage to the following:
1. internal capsule
2. thalamus opticus
3. spinal cord
4. black substance

Answer: 2

1. The presence of Laseuge sign suggests damage to the following:
1. meninges of the brain
2. spinal roots C5-C8 or radial nerve
3. spinal roots L5-S1 or sciatic nerve
4. anterior horns at the level L5-S1

Answer: 3

1. The affection of cerebellar may produce any of the following EXCEPT:
1. nystagmus
2. ataxia
3. dysmetria
4. dyspraxia

Answer: 4

1. The presence of dysdiadochokinesis suggests damage to the following:
1. black substance
2. spinal cord
3. cerebellar
4. occipital lobe

Answer: 3

1. The presence of Parkinsonism suggests damage to the following:
1. caudate nucleus
2. black substance
3. cerebellar
4. frontal lobe

Answer: 2

1. In initial stage of Parkinson disease the most typical involuntary movement is the following:
1. chorea
2. atetosis
3. tremor
4. dystonia

Answer: 3

1. The autonomic nervous system includes any of the following EXCEPT:
1. hypothalamus
2. paravertebral sympathetic trunk
3. vagal nerve
4. cerebral cortex

Answer: 4

1. One of the most important functions of the autonomic nervous system is the following:
1. regulation of homeostasis
2. voluntary movements
3. coordination of movements
4. involuntary movements

Answer: 1

1. Any of the following cranial nerves has the parasympathetic nucleus EXCEPT:
1. vagal
2. oculomotor
3. glossopharyngeal
4. olfactory

Answer: 4

1. The presence of anosmia suggests damage to the following cranial nerve:
1. II
2. I
3. III
4. V

Answer: 2

1. Trigeminal nerve impairment produces the following symptoms:
1. plegia in half of the face
2. ache paroxysm in half of the face
3. disturbance of swallowing
4. ache in half of the head

Answer: 2

1. The presence of Bell’s palsy suggests damage to the following cranial nerve:
1. facial
2. optic
3. olfactory
4. vestibular

Answer: 1

1. Dysphagia, dyphonia, dysarthria together with tongue atrophy & depressed “gag” reflex is called like following:
1. bulbar palsy
2. Bell’s palsy
3. pseudobulbar palsy
4. bulbus olfactorius

Answer: 1

1. The disturbance of purposive movement in absence of paresis & dyscoordination suggests the presence of the following:
1. dyslexia
2. dysgnosia
3. dyspraxia
4. dysphasia

Answer: 3

1. Meningeal syndrome suggests any of the following, EXCEPT:
1. neck stiffness
2. headache
3. photophobia
4. Babynsky response

Answer: 4

Directions: Each question below contains six suggested responses. Select all correct responses (more than one) to each question.

1. The symptoms of the lower motor neuron lesion are the following:
1. muscular spasticity
2. muscular flaccidity
3. deep reflexes depressed
4. muscular wasting
5. EMG signs
6. Babinsky response positive

Answer: 2,3,4,5

1. The upper motor neuron lesion signs are the following:
1. fibrillations
2. muscular spasticity
3. deep reflexes brisk
4. muscular flaccidity
5. depressed superficial reflexes
6. Babinsky response positive

Answer: 2,3,5,6

1. The following symptoms are the most common in cauda equine affection:
1. burning ache in legs
2. anesthesia in lower extremities & perineum
3. spastic paraplegia in legs
4. bladder dysfunction
5. flaccid paraplegia in legs
6. anesthesia below nipples

Answer: 1,2,4,5

1. Midbrain affection may include the following symptoms:
1. oculomotor nerve palsy
2. dysphagia
3. atrophy of the tongue
4. diplopia
5. ptosis
6. hemiplegia

Answer: 1,4,5,6

1. The following symptoms are typical for bulbar palsy:
1. diplopia
2. atrophy of the tongue
3. ptosis
4. dysphagia
5. dysarthria
6. dysphonia

Answer: 2,4,5,6

1. The typical signs of the facial nerve damage are the following:
1. dysphagia
2. lagophthalmus
3. Bell’s sign
4. paresis of the tongue
5. inability to whistle
6. depressed eyebrow reflex

Answer: 2,3,5,6

1. The following symptoms are the most common in trigeminal ganglion impairment:
1. sensory disturbance in the face & herpes rush
2. weakness in facial muscles
3. disturbance of mastication
4. facial ache
5. depressed corneal reflex
6. depressed eyebrow reflex

Answer: 1,4,5

1. The following symptoms may occur in optic nerve damage:
1. blindness
2. scotoma
3. depressed pupil reaction
4. exophthalmus
5. ptosis
6. diplopia

Answer: 1,2,3

1. Symptoms typical for cerebellar affection are the following:
1. gait ataxia
2. muscular hypotension
3. dyscoordination in extremities
4. dysphasia
5. paresis in extremities
6. nystagmus

Answer: 1,2,3,6

1. The following symptoms are the most typical for polyneuropathy:
1. sensory loss in dermatomes
2. pain & numbness in extremities
3. anesthesia in distal parts of extremities
4. hemianesthesia
5. depressed ankle jerks
6. Babinsky response positive

Answer: 2,3,5

1. Hemianopia may develop with damage in:
1. chiasma opticum
2. optic nerve
3. frontal lobe
4. optic tract
5. occipital lobe
6. thalamus opticus

Answer: 1,4,5,6

1. Dysphasia may develop with damage in:
1. frontal lobe cortex
2. cerebellar cortex
3. temporal lobe cortex
4. pons varolii
5. medulla
6. hypoglossal nerve

Answer: 1,3

1. The higher cortical (cognitive) dysfunction is the following:
1. dysphasia
2. dysphonia
3. dyslexia
4. dysmnesia
5. dysdiadochokinesis
6. dysmetria

Answer: 1,3,4

1. The following symptoms may develop with damage in hypothalamus:
1. panic attacks
2. sweating disorder
3. face paresis
4. hemianalgesia
5. blood pressure disturbance
6. cardiac rhythm disturbance

Answer: 1,2,5,6

1. The signs of intracranial hypertension are the following:
1. headache in the morning
2. nausea & vomiting
3. bradycardia
4. papilledema
5. loss of hearing
6. panic attack

Answer: 1,2,3,4

1. The general (universal) brain symptoms are the following:
1. headache
2. hemiparesis
3. ptosis
4. loss of consciousness
5. vomiting
6. dysphasia

Answer: 1,4,5

1. The focal neurological symptoms are the following:
1. headache
2. hemiparesis
3. vomiting
4. ptosis
5. alteration of consciousness
6. disturbance of coordination & balance

Answer: 2,4,6

1. Meningeal symptoms are the following:
1. Kernig’s sign
2. Lasegue’s sign
3. Nery’s sign
4. neck stiffness
5. Babinsky sign
6. Brudzinsky sign

Answer: 1,4,6

1. Symptoms typical for Parkinsonism are the following:
1. rest tremor
2. muscular “cog wheel” rigidity
3. muscular flaccidity
4. “mask” face
5. intention tremor
6. bradykinesia

Answer: 1,2,4,6

1. Involuntary movements (hyperkinesis) are the following syndromes:
1. chorea
2. bradykinesia
3. torsion dystonia
4. atetosis
5. “cog wheel” rigidity
6. paresis

Answer: 1,3,4

61. Site of affection:

1. pyramidal tract

2. peripheral nerve

3. black substance

Answer: 1-C 2-A 3-B

62. Site of affection:

1. black substance

2. caudate nucleus

3. pyramidal tract

Answer: 1-B 2-C 3-A

63. Site of affection:

1. cerebellar

2. basal ganglia

3. pyramidal tract

Answer: 1-C 2-A 3-B

64. Site of affection:

1. spinal root

2. brain

3. multiple nerves

Answer: 1-C 2-B 3-A

65. Level of spinal cord affection:

1. C1-4

2. T7-8

3. L5-S2

Answer: 1-A 2-C 3-B

66. Brain cortex area affection:

1. frontal lobe

2. temporal lobe

3. parietal lobe

Answer: 1-B 2-A 3-C

67. Cranial nerve impairment:

1. facial

2. trigeminal

3. accessorial

Answer: 1-B 2-C 3-A

68. Cranial nerve impairment:

1. trigeminal

2. glossopharingeal

3. hypoglossal 1-A2-C3-B

Change of muscles tone:

A. flaccidity

B. “cog wheel” rigidity

C. spasticity

Syndrome:

A. central paralysis

B. parkinsonism

C. chorea

Syndrome:

A. involuntary movement

B. hemiplegia

C. loss of balance

Type of sensory loss:

A. polyneuropathic

B. hemianesthesia

C. segmental

Syndrome:

A. spastic tetraplegia

B. flaccid paraplegia

C. spastic paraplegia

Syndrome:

A. Wernicke’s dysphasia

B. Broca’s dysphasia

C. astereognosia

Supplied area:

A. m.sternoclidomastoideus

B. m.orbicularis oculi

C. m.masseter

Symptom:

A. depressed corneal reflex

B. atrophy of the tongue

C. dysphagia

69. Muscles weakness, spasticity, brisk reflexes, Babinsky response develop with damage in

________ ________ ________

Answer: upper motor neuron

70. Muscles weakness, wasting, flaccidity, depressed deep reflexes develop with damage in

________ ________ _______

Answer: lower motor neuron

71. Loss of balance, coordination & decreased muscles tone develop with damage in _________

Answer: cerebellar

72. Involuntary movements & Parkinsonism develop with damage in ________ ________

Answer: basal ganglia

73. Ptosis, ophtalmoplegia, midriasis develop with damage in _________ cranial nerve

Answer: oculomotor, III

74. Blindness, disk atrophy, impairment of pupil reaction develop with damage in _______

cranial nerve

Answer: optic, II

75. Synonym for polyneuropathic pattern of sensory loss is “ _______&_______” type

Answer: “gloves & stocking”

76. Broca’s speech area is located in the cortex of ________ _______ lobe

Answer: left frontal

The University of Balamand

Conference Title: Media, Islam and the Religions of the Middle East

Conference Languages: English and Arabic

Date: May 6-8, 2015

The last two decades have seen a revolutionary transformation in the use and ownership of media.This transformation has offered the opportunity for small and large nations, poor and rich, to own and operate media conglomerates. Groupings or individuals now have direct access to the Internet and can broadcast their news, and opinions, and promote their causes and ideas to the world at large through a variety of ways.

The purpose of this conference is to invite scholars and media professionals to examine how this development has impacted on the portrayal of the religions of the Middle East. Of particular interest is, of course, the impact on Islam, and the understanding and perception of Islam by Moslems and those of other faiths.

Conference papers will examine how the Internet, social media, the establishment of powerful Middle East-based, or Middle East-funded television networks have affected the perception of religion, a particular religion, and religious communities in the Middle East, and in the diaspora.

All abstracts, in either English or Arabic, relevant to the main subject of the conference, will be considered. These are some of the suggested themes:

· Media Theory and Religion in the Middle East

· Media and the Rise or Fall of Religion

· Media and the Promotion of Religious Tolerance/Prejudice

· Media and the Rise/ Fall of Fundamentalism

· Portrayal of Religious Minorities in the Middle East

· Portrayal of Islam in Western Media

· Portrayal of Middle Eastern Religious Minorities in the West

· Portrayal of Middle Eastern Religious Minorities in the Middle East

· Portrayal of Islam in Arab Countries

· Third World MediaPerceptions of Islam

· Social Media and the Perception of Islam

· Social Media and Religious Communities

· Social Media and Religious Minorities

· The Use of the Internet by Political Islam

· Inter-religious Dialogue in the Media

· Portrayal of Religion and Political Correctness

· Anti-Islamic Promotion

· Reality and Perception

· Jihadist Media

· Proselytizing Media