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According to some language analysts (B.Ilyish, F.Palmer, and E.Morokhovskaya), nouns have no category of gender in Modern English. The difference between such nouns as actor and actress is a purely lexical one.
Still, other scholars (M.Blokh, John Lyons) admit the existence of the category of gender. Prof. Blokh states that the existence of the category of gender in Modern English can be proved by the correlation of nouns with personal pronouns of the third person (he, she, it). Accordingly, there are three genders in English: the neuter (non-person) gender, the masculine gender, the feminine gender.
The Article
The question is whether the article is a separate part of speech (i.e. a word) or a word-morpheme. If we treat the article as a word, we shall have to admit that English has only two articles - the and a/an. But if we treat the article as a word-morpheme, we shall have three articles - the, a/an, ø.
The articles, according to some linguists, do not form a grammatical category. The articles, they argue, do not belong to the same lexeme, and they do not have meaning common to them: a/an has the meaning of oneness, not found in the, which has a demonstrative meaning.
If we treat the article as a morpheme, then we shall have to set up a grammatical category in the noun, the category of determination.
Lecture 4
Verb and Its Categories
1. A general outline of the verb as a part of speech.
2. Classification of verbs.
3. The category of person.
4. The category of number.
5. The category of tense.
6. The category of aspect.
7. The category of temporal correlation.
8. The category of voice.
9. Language means of expressing modality. The category of mood.
A General Outline of the Verb as a Part of Speech
Semantic features of the verb. The verb possesses the grammatical meaning of verbiality - the ability to denote a process developing in time.
Morphological features of the verb. The verb possesses the following grammatical categories: tense, aspect, voice, mood, person, number, finitude and temporal correlation.
Syntactic features. The most universal syntactic feature of verbs is their ability to be modified by adverbs. The second important syntactic criterion is the ability of the verb to perform the syntactic function of the predicate.
Classification of Verbs
Morphological classifications
1. According to their stem-types all verbs fall into: simple, sound-replacive, stress-replacive, expanded, composite, phrasal.
2. According to the way of forming past tenses and Participle II verbs can be regular and irregular.
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