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Environmental health is a branch of public health concerned with all aspects of the natural and built environment that may affect human health. Other phrases that concern or refer to the discipline of environmental health include environmental public health and environmental health and protection. The field of environmental health differs from environmental science in that environmental health is concerned with environmental factors affecting human health whereas environmental science is concerned with the environment as it affects ecosystems."Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health-supportive environments. This definition excludes behaviour not related to environment, as well as behaviour related to the social and cultural environment, and genetics.":
Environmental health is defined by the World Health Organization as:
Those aspects of the human health and disease that are determined by factors in the environment. It also refers to the theory and practice of assessing and controlling factors in the environment that can potentially affect health.Environmental health as used by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, includes both the direct pathological effects of chemicals, radiation and some biological agents, and the effects (often indirect) on health and well being of the broad physical, psychological, social and cultural environment, which includes housing, urban development, land use and transport.
Environmental health services are defined by the World Health Organization as:
those services which implement environmental health policies through monitoring and control activities. They also carry out that role by promoting the improvement of environmental parameters and by encouraging the use of environmentally friendly and healthy technologies and behaviors. They also have a leading role in developing and suggesting new policy areas.Environmental medicine may be seen as the medical branch of the broader field of environmental health. Terminology is not fully established, and in many European countries they are used interchangeably.
| 22) The problems of minority groups in a society |
A minority group is a group living within a society which is disadvantaged in terms of power, control of their own lives, and wealth. A study by the Chicago Sun-Times of 400 randomly se lected crimes (including rapes, stabbings, and shootings) found that crimes against members of minority groups are more likely to be "downgraded" from felonies to minor offenses, thereby reducing the seriousness of the offense and the potential jail sentence. All the downgraded crimes studied involved a victim from a minority group; in most cases, both victim and assailant were black or Hispanic and lived in a low-income neighborhood.
23) How has television affected social and political discourse in modern society?
Everyday every people watch the television. And they forget about books and newspaperes. Children enjoy sitting in front of television and doing nothing. Due to it we are
getting sillier by the minute. And I think that is why television has affected any discourse in modern society (оз ойларынды жазндар)
24) In what sense is technological change "ecological" in nature?
Technology contributes both positively and negatively to the resilience of ‘social-ecological systems’, but is not considered in depth in that literature. A technology-focused literature on sociotechnical
transitions shares some of the complex adaptive systems sensibilities of social-ecological systems research. It is considered by others to provide a bridging opportunity to share lessons
concerning the governance of both. We contend that lessons must not be restricted to advocacy of flexible, learning-oriented approaches, but must also be open to the critical challenges that
confront these approaches. Here, we focus on the critical lessons arising from reactions to a ‘transition management’ approach to governing transitions to sustainable socio-technical regimes.
Moreover, we suggest it is important to bear in mind the different problems each literature addresses, and be cautious about transposing lessons between the two. Nevertheless, questions for
transition management about who governs, whose system framings count, and whose sustainability gets prioritized are pertinent to social-ecological systems research. They suggest an agenda that explores critically the kinds of resilience that are helpful or unhelpful, and for whom, and with what social purposes in mind.
25) In what ways has our production system become hostile to the environment?
The source of contamination of the environment serves human activities (industry, agriculture, transport). Depending on the region, the share of a particular source of contamination can vary considerably. Thus, in the cities of the largest share of pollution provides transportation. Its share of the pollution is 70-80%. Among the industrial enterprises the most "dirty" considered smelters. They have a 34% polluting. This is followed by the energy industries, particularly power plants, which is 27%-polluting. The remaining percentage fall on the chemical (9%), oil (12%) and gas (7%) industries.
In the first place has popped up on pollution agriculture. This is due to two factors. The first - an increase of building large livestock facilities in the absence of any treatment of waste and recycling, and the second - increasing use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which, together with rain and ground water flows into rivers and lakes, causing serious damage to the basins of major rivers, their fish resources and vegetation.
Annually per person on Earth has more than 20 tonnes of waste. The main objects of pollution are air, water, including the oceans and soil. Into the atmosphere every day thousands and thousands of tons of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, sulfur and other harmful substances. Only 10% of which is absorbed by plants. Sulfur oxides (sulfur dioxide) - the main pollutant, which is emitted by power plants, boilers, steel plants.
Nature and society has been for many years, almost inseparable, unfortunately, on the negative side. Man destroys the living world. Countless factories, nuclear power plants have captivated all around. Building them, one thinks only of his own profit, not of nature. But even the slightest contamination of air, soil, water damages every flower, every animal, every bird, and every fish. After all, you can also put all sorts of treatment plant! But a society allows itself to build all the plants on the banks of rivers and lakes! And it really is a global problem today.
The man is doing great damage to the environment. He is guilty of numerous fires in forests and fields. As a result, kill insects, reptiles, birds and animals. Now people thought that can do everything. Although, if he so pollute the environment, nature can no longer live and will gradually die. One after the other will die birds, animals, butterflies, flowers, fish, and soon the man himself, because he is a nobody without nature.
26) Why did America go into Iraq?
According to U.S. President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair, the coalition mission was "to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein's support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people."Former chief counter-terrorism adviser on the National Security Council Richard A. Clarke believes Bush took office with a predetermined plan to invade Iraq. Others place a much greater emphasis on the impact of the September 11, 2001 attacks, and the role this played in changing U.S. strategic calculations, and the rise of the freedom agenda. According to Blair, the trigger was Iraq's failure to take a "final opportunity" to disarm itself of alleged nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons that U.S. and British officials called an immediate and intolerable threat to world peace. In 2005, the Central Intelligence Agency released a report saying that no weapons of mass destruction had been found in Iraq.
In a January 2003 CBS poll 64% of Americans had approved of military action against Iraq, however 63% wanted Bush to find a diplomatic solution rather than go to war, and 62% believed the threat of terrorism directed against the U.S. would increase due to war. The invasion of Iraq was strongly opposed by some long-standing U.S. allies, including the governments of France, Germany, New Zealand, and Canada. Their leaders argued that there was no evidence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and that invading the country was not justified in the context of UNMOVIC's 12 February 2003 report. On 15 February 2003, a month before the invasion, there were worldwide protests against the Iraq War, including a rally of three million people in Rome, which is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest ever anti-war rally. According to the French academic Dominique Reynié, between 3 January and 12 April 2003, 36 million people across the globe took part in almost 3,000 protests against the Iraq war.
The invasion was preceded by an air strike on the Presidential Palace in Baghdad on 19 March 2003. The following day coalition forces launched an incursion into Basra Province from their massing point close to the Iraqi-Kuwaiti border. While the special forces launched an amphibious assault from the Persian Gulf to secure Basra and the surrounding petroleum fields, the main invasion army moved into southern Iraq, occupying the region and engaging in the Battle of Nasiriyah on 23 March. Massive air strikes across the country and against Iraqi command and control threw the defending army into chaos and prevented an effective resistance. On 26 March the 173rd Airborne Brigade was airdropped near the northern city of Kirkuk where they joined forces with Kurdish rebels and fought several actions against the Iraqi army to secure the northern part of the country.
27) Why did NATO help to drive out Muamar Kaddafi in Libya?
The international community, with the exception of a few countries, condemned the actions of Gaddafi and his loyal troops. The International Criminal Court said that the actions of Gaddafi may be considered a crime against humanity. February 26 The UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1970, imposing sanctions on Gaddafi and his entourage. Later, on the night of March 18, 2011, the Security Council adopted resolution 1973 (2011), which establishes a no-fly zone over Libya, and will allow the use of any means to protect the civilian population, with the exception of the "possibility of stay of foreign occupation force in any form on any part of Libyan territory ". After that, the objects controlled by Gaddafi, have been air strikes.
The intervention of the international community to reverse the course of the civil war in favor of the revolutionaries. In late August, the army took the PNS capital Tripoli, and October 23 last bastion fell forces Jamahiriya - Sirte. Colonel Gaddafi himself was killed during the storming of the city.
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