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I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно).
Engineers apply mathematics and sciences such as physics to find suitable solutions to problems or to make improvements to the status quo. More than ever, engineers are now required to have knowledge of relevant sciences for their design projects. As a result, they may keep on learning new material throughout their career.
If multiple options exist, engineers weigh different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best matches the requirements. The crucial and unique task of the engineer is to identify, understand, and interpret the constraints on a design in order to produce a successful result. It is usually not enough to build a technically successful product; it must also meet further requirements.
Constraints may include available resources, physical, imaginative or technical limitations, flexibility for future modifications and additions, and other factors, such as requirements for cost, safety, marketability, productibility, and serviceability. By understanding the constraints, engineers derive specifications for the limits within which a viable object or system may be produced and operated.
As engineers typically attempt to predict how well their designs will perform to their specifications prior to full-scale production, they use, among other things: prototypes, scale models, simulations, destructive tests, nondestructive tests, and stress tests. Testing ensures that products will perform as expected.
The study of failed products is known as forensic engineering, and can help the product designer in evaluating his or her design in the light of real conditions. The discipline is of greatest value after disasters, such as bridge collapses, when careful analysis is needed to establish the cause or causes of the failure.
II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту.
1. What is required for modern engineers?
a) to have higher education.
b) to study foreign languages.
c) to have knowledge of relevant sciences for their design projects.
2. What do engineers do, If multiple options exist?
| a)Engineers call their chief. b)Engineers create special software aimed to choose the write variant. c)Engineers weigh different design choices on their merits. | b) 25 – 30 |
3. What helpsengineers in deriving specifications for the limits within which a viable object or system may be produced and operated?
a) Understanding of the constraints.
b) Experience.
c) Available resources.
III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста.
4. Engineers may keep on learning new material _______.
a) attending special courses.
b) throughout their career.
c) when they are on holidays.
5. Constraints may include ______________
| a) available resources, physical, imaginative or technical limitations, flexibility for future modifications. | b)lack of money. | c) generation of the new methods of problem solving. |
6. Engineers typically attempt to predict how well _______will perform to their specifications prior to full-scale production.
a) their colleagues
b) their designs
c) their employers
IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию.
7. тот же порядок
| a) merit | b) status quo | c) factor |
8. решение проблемы
| a) introduction | b) distribution | c) solution |
| 9.положительное качество a) object | b)safety | c) merit |
10. ограничения
| a)constraints | b)prototypes | c)costs |
11. требование
| a) requirement | b) specification | c) limit |
12. убедиться
| a)ensure | b) occur | c) impact |
13. в натуральную величину
| a) up-to-date | b) low-market | c) full-scale |
V. Выберите соответствующее определение данным словам из текста.
| a) option b) simulation c) evaluate d)prior e) collapse f) productibility g) viable h) merit |
14. advantage
15. assess
16. variant
17. crash
18. modeling
19. realizable
20. previous
21. predictability
VI. Прочитайте предложения и укажите соответствует ли данное утверждение действительности: если соответствует напишите после предложения T- true, если не соответствует то F- false, при этом письменно подтвердите ваш ответ примером из текста.
22. The study of failed products is known as forensic engineering.
23. Forensic engineering can help the product designer in creation of unique objects.
24. Testing ensures that products will perform as expected.
VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола.
25. Engineers______ to have knowledge of relevant sciences.
| a) is required | b) are required | c) was required |
26. Engineers ______specifications for the limits
| a) derive | b) derives | c) is deriving |
27. Engineers ____ keep on learning new material throughout their career.
| a) have | b) may | c) is |
28. The discipline ____ of greatest value.
| a) were | b) are | c) is |
29. Engineers ______ different design choices on their merits.
| a) weight | b) weights | c) has weighted |
VIII. Заполните пропуски предлогами.
30. ____understanding the constraints, engineers derive specifications for the limits.
| a) on | b) by | c) in |
31. They use, ____other things: prototypes, scale models, simulations, destructive tests.
| a) to | b) among | c) by |
32. The discipline is of greatest value ____ disasters.
a) from b) between c) after
IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательным или наречием в нужной форме.
33. Theproduct must also meet _____requirements.
| a) further | b) farther | c) far |
34. Engineers choose the solution that _____matches the requirements.
| a) good | b) best | c) well |
35. It is usually not enough to build a technically_____ product.
| a) successful | b) successfully | c) success |
X. Переведите текст письменно.
As with all modern scientific and technological endeavors, computers and software play an increasingly important role. As well as the typical business application software there are a number of computer aided applications (Computer-aided technologies) specifically for engineering. Computers can be used to generate models of fundamental physical processes, which can be solved using numerical methods.
One of the most widely used tools in the profession is computer-aided design (CAD) software which enables engineers to create 3D models, 2D drawings, and schematics of their designs. CAD together with Digital mockup (DMU) and CAE software such as finite element method analysis or analytic element method allows engineers to create models of designs that can be analyzed without having to make expensive and time-consuming physical prototypes.
These allow products and components to be checked for flaws; assess fit and assembly; study ergonomics; and to analyze static and dynamic characteristics of systems such as stresses, temperatures, electromagnetic emissions, electrical currents and voltages, digital logic levels, fluid flows, and kinematics.
Контрольная работа №4
по английскому языку для студентов всех технических специальностей
заочного отделения
Вариант 3
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