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Higher education in Kazakhstan is comprised of higher secondary school, vocational training, and university education. Students enter higher education at 16 years of age. Depending on the course and the track chosen, they can remain in higher education for another 2 to 6 years.
Whether general or vocational, higher secondary education is provided free of charge, as it is included in the budget allocated to education by the government. University education is partly funded by the government, although private universities charge full tuition fees.
There are approximately 150 universities and higher education institutes spread throughout the country, although the capital, Almaty, has the highest concentration of facilities and also the most varied choice of subjects. Some of the most renowned universities include:
- Kazakhstan's National University, the oldest public university in Kazakhstan
- The Kazakh-American University, based in Almaty. This university was the first in the country to provide higher education based in the American educational model. All courses are taught in English and there are degrees available in technical subjects, the humanities, and economics. The university also offers an MBA programme and year abroad options
- The Eurasian National University in Astana, which offers Bacherlors, Masters, and PhD degrees and that is known for being a pioneer of academic mobility in Kazakhstan
- The University of Central Asia, an educational joint venture between Kazakhstan,Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan.
Higher education in Kazakhstan
Higher education in Kazakhstan is acquired on the basis of secondary education. For admission to the university school graduates and pass final exams in the form of a single national testing (UNT) or complex testing (for graduates of previous years). Kazakh citizens have the right to be awarded on a competitive basis of an international "Bolashak" scholarship to study abroad. At the end of high school graduate receives a bachelor's degree (4 years), professional (5 years) or equivalent (6). The second higher education in Kazakhstan only receive a fee from the accelerated training period (2-3 years).
Post-graduate education in Kazakhstan
To purchase a postgraduate education in Kazakhstan requires specialist degree or master's degree. Training of scientists carried out a post-graduate assistantship, postgraduate and doctoral universities. Kazakh citizens have the right to be awarded on a competitive basis of an international "Bolashak" scholarship to study abroad. The term of study in graduate school and adjuncture not exceed 3-4 years, an assistantship - 2-3 years in doctoral - 3 years.
According to the law "On Education" in Kazakhstan guaranteed free secondary and vocational education, as well as on a competitive basis by government grants free secondary vocational, higher and postgraduate education, if education is a citizen first. In addition, on a competitive basis provided the state education credit. Competition is based on the score of certificates issued by the results of UNT and comprehensive testing. Preferential right to grant the holders have the sign " Altyn Belgi " as well as winners and winners of international and national contests, competitions and Olympiads.
Foreigners and stateless persons permanently residing in Kazakhstan have the right to education as citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, international agreements, and contracts with educational organizations in Kazakhstan.
Bachelor Degree The Bachelor degree programme is a 4 year course offered in mainly academic disciplines. Students in the first 2 years cover a broad-based curriculum, before beginning to specialise in one subject area in the final 2 years. Unlike the Specialist Diploma, the Bachelor degree does not provide admission to doctoral study. Students wishing to continue their studies at a higher level must complete a Master’s degree. Master’s Degree The Master’s degree programme is a 2 year course following the Bachelor degree or a 1 year course following the Specialist Diploma. Independent research forms an important part of the Master’s course, and students must submit a thesis in order to be awarded the degree. Candidate of sciences The Candidate of Sciences is awarded after a period of postgraduate study (Aspirantura) which generally lasts between 2 and 3 years. It is a research-based award and students must submit and defend a thesis in order to be awarded the degree. Doctor of Sciences The Doctor of Sciences is the highest academic award available in Kazakhstan. It does not have a fixed duration and is generally completed by those students who wish to pursue a career in higher education and research.
333333 Technology in Education
The challenging process of educating is in demanding need for solutions on how technology will change education. Society seems to be fascinated by the eruption of technological advancements in the educational field. In 1981 about eighteen percent of U.S. public schools had one computer for instructional use. By 1991 that percentage increased to ninety-eight percent (Alhalabi p.22). Technology has changed and will change many ideas of education the potential of educational systems captivates the lives of many students and teachers. The effects of technology in the classroom are related to both the teacher and the students. In the past classrooms were lecture driven. With technology involved in education, the students are more active in their learning. The teacher is no longer the center of attention. They play the role of a facilitator or guide of information and not so much of an information source. Technology in the classroom allows the students to be more active with the opportunity of communication of information. By being active the students are then more likely to generate their own choices on how to obtain, manipulate, or display information (Bridgforth). This gives students a higher confidence level. Teachers reported students had an increase in motivation when using technology. Because of their willingness to work with technology as opposed to a normal classroom setting of boring lecture, helps motivate students to learn. "Technology is the ultimate carrot for students. It's something they want to master. Learning to use it enhances their self-esteem and makes them excited about coming to school," stated a fifth grade teacher (Cradler p. 5). Technologies also give an opportunity for students and teachers to learn from a broader perspective of learning other skills. Instead of having the social norm of "lecture, notes" type of classes, students get to be active in learning with such a broad area of study.
Advances in information technology have revolutionized how people communicate and learn in nearly every aspect of modern life except for education. The education system operates under the antiquated needs of an agrarian and industrial America. The short school day and the break in the summer were meant to allow children to work on family farms. Schools have an enduring industrial mentality placing students in arbitrary groups based on their age regardless of their competencies.
Technology has failed to transform our schools because the education governance system insulates them from the disruptions that technology creates in other organizations. The government regulates schools perhaps more than any other organization. Rules govern where students study, how they will learn, and who will teach them. Education regulation governs the relationships of actors in the system and stymies the impact of innovative technologies. Furthermore the diffuse system of governance creates numerous veto points to limit innovation.
To overcome these obstacles, we must persuade teachers that technology will empower them and help their students learn. We argue that there are five strategies for successful teacher adoption of education technology and that these principles will help fulfill the potential that Edison saw a century ago:
Schools must use technology that empowers teachers. Teachers rightly reject education technologies that divert their attention from instruction. The best education technologies enable teachers to do more with fewer resources. Communication platforms like Twitter, Facebook, or Tumblr enable dynamic communication with students. Teacher-empowering technologies include mobile apps that grade written student work and provide lesson plan databases. School systems need to aggressively track what works for their teachers and put all other unworkable technologies aside.
Teachers should treat the adoption of technology as part of lesson planning. One of the major drivers of bad policy is policy churn. New district leaders want to make their mark adopting new policies and jettisoning the old. This constant changing of priorities makes beneficial reforms difficult to implement. Teachers can incorporate technology directly into their practice and insulate their students from the deleterious effects of policy churn. For example teachers can use Khan Academy or other online resources to improve remediation. Systematic adoption of technology at the classroom levels limits the damage of shifting policy maker priorities.
Teachers should not fear open-source technologies. Many mistakenly believe that education technologies are expensive and complicated to use. Open-source technologies are stable, secure, and compatible with other platforms. Organizations both small and large use open source devices every day. Many businesses use open-source servers for their efficiency and costs savings. They often have large communities that provide high quality customer support. Best of all, open-source technologies often cost less than proprietary products.
Use online education portfolios to evaluate students. Educators have known about the benefits of paper based portfolios for generations. Portfolios allow students to express creativity for difficult to assess subjects. Teachers can choose from a variety of online portfolio providers tailored to the needs of their classroom. They also serve as a platform for students to demonstrate growth. Online portfolios have many advantages over paper based options because they cost less and allow for more robust outreach. Online portfolios are also amenable to a wider variety of formats including video, music or other interactive features.
44444The role of teachers in the 21st century
A teacher's role involves more than simply standing in front of a classroom and lecturing. In fact, even though a teacher spends the majority of the day in the classroom, the actual teaching component is only part of the job. An effective teacher understands that teaching involves wearing multiple hats to ensure that the school day runs smoothly and all students receive a quality education.
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