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1. What does the federal government consist of?
2. What are the functions of the President?
3. What body is the legislative power vested in?
4. How does a bill become a law?
5. What is the main law of Russia?
6. What are the executive and judicial branches represented by?
7. What are the official symbols of Russia?
THE ECONOMY
Russia was the most populous state of the former USSR and the wealthiest one. It produced 78 per cent of all its natural gas, 60 per cent of steel, 80 per cent of timber and 91 per cent of oil. It also had one of the world’s largest fishing industries.
The history of Russian industry goes back to the middle of the seventeenth century. The development of new industries and crafts - metalworking, textile, brick making and china manufacture – was encouraged under Peter the Great. During the reign of Catherine the Great, the Urals became the focus for iron industry, and Russia became the world’s largest iron producer.
After 1870, the fast railway engineering in Russia was stimulated by the industrial boom. Some deals were made with western companies to develop Russia’s immense oil resources. By 1903 Russia had become the world’s largest oil producer.
Before the Revolution Russia was one of the world’s largest grain producers and exporters. However, lately Russia became one of its biggest importers as a result of collectivization and mismanagement of agriculture.
In Soviet times, the central planning system was inefficient with regard to both production and distribution of goods. During the last decade of the XXth century, the economic situation was a dramatic one. The industrial production was quickly decreasing, plants and factories went bankrupt, and there were millions of unemployed. The rate of inflation was high.
By now, the country has come to a different situation. The difficulties of political and economic character are being overcome, more and more factories and small businesses start working. Everywhere you can see advertisements saying:” Needed for the position of… “, fewer people are unemployed.
The gas extracting industry develops quickly for several reasons one of which is that gas is less polluting than oil and coal. Concerning the machine-building industry, we must remember about new cars and other machines, which have appeared lately. Our country is participating in the international space programme. The food industry supplies the Russians with all imaginable food. Russia is a highly developed country now.
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