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Careers in Aircraft Maintenance

Пример билета. Вариантов будет 6 для русскоговорящих студентов и 4 для иностранных граждан.

Variant – 1

I. Translate the text into Russian language.

Powerplant:

Propeller-Check for nicks and cracks, tightness of hub, safetying of nuts. Engine - Check for tightness and safety of all parts (including the cowling). Check for security of all fuel lines and oil lines and look for fuel and oil leaks. Check exhaust manifolds for tightness and absence of cracks or holes (a bro­ken or cracked exhaust manifold is a fire and car­bon monoxide hazard).

Fuel and Oil - Check supply visually—do not rely on gauges. Drain out into a container a substantial amount of fuel, from the fuel strainer and fuel tank, and check for contamina­tion. See that fuel and oil caps are fastened secure­ly to avoid fuel or oil syphonage, which may re­sult in fire or fuel or oil starvation. Be sure fuel and oil vents are open and properly aligned.

Landing Gear: Check tyres for cuts, cracks, and proper inflation. Check struts and fittings for safe-tying and evidence of cracks, bends, or wear. Lubrication should be adequate but not excessive. Check brake assemblies and look for possible hydraulic leaks.

Wings, Fuselage, and Tail Sur­faces: Check covering for holes, wrinkles, wear, or rot. Wrinkles may indicate internal damage. Check control cables for tension. Check fittings and cables for wear and safetying. Check aile­rons, rudder, and elevator for tightness and freedom of move­ment. Check to see that all sur­faces are free from mud, snow, ice, or frost.

II. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in the brackets.

1. Aviation …………(not/have to) pay tax on fuel used in international flights due to a part of the Chicago Convention which was signed in 1947. (Answer: doesn’t have to)

2. Aviation ………..(grow) on average at 4 to 5% per year, while making technological improvements to engine efficiency of around 1 – 2% per year. (Answer: is growing)

3. There …..(be) hazardous conditions during our last flight. (Answer: were)

4. They …………(do) this work. (Answer: have done)

5. We ……...(discuss) new maintenance programmes if they completed these documents. (Answer: would discuss)

6. When he …….(be) a child he and his father used to fly to Madrid every Sunday. (Answer: was)

III. Definitions (English-English)

IV. Answer the questions.

1. Are there jobs available for aircraft mechanics?

2. Which country/area/city were you living in?

Texts:

I. Translate the text into Russian language.

Text 1

Careers in Aircraft Maintenance

The aviation mechanic has been the silent partner in the team of men who have helped in the de­velopment of aviation. Although he has not been glamorized by stories or films, his dedication to­ward air safety and his manipula­tive and technical ability have been among the major factors making air transportation safer. Although words such as depend­ability, ingenuity, and pride in workmanship have been used to describe the aviation mechanic, responsibility is the word that best characterizes the aviation mechanic's attitude toward his occupation.

Modern aircraft and their intri­cate equipment reflect the most advanced technological design and development. Hence, the skills and knowledge required of the present-day aviation mecha­nic have undergone radical, ever-occurring changes. These changes require the aviation mechanic to readjust applicable past learnings and skills to new aircraft designs. Rather than rely on rote learning, he must con­stantly apply the latest principles of science and aviation mechan­ics to new aircraft and their con­tinual modifications. The aviation mechanic must maintain a pro­gram of "lifelong learning" to re­main current in his occupation.

Aircraft mechanics keep jet air­liners as well as small aircraft in good operating condition. These skilled craftsmen perform pre­ventive maintenance and make re­pairs. They also make inspections required by the government.

Most aircraft mechanics do routine preventive maintenance. They change engine oil, grease wheel bearings, replace spark­plugs, and make other minor adjustments. Some mechanics specialize in engine work. Periodi­cally, aeroplanes are brought to maintenance shops for major re­pairs and for inspections required by the government. Mechanics may take engines apart, check the pieces for wear, and replace bear­ings or other parts as needed. Some mechanics work on air-frames. For example, they may measure the strength of control cables or check for cracks in the fuselage and wings. Still others specialize in maintaining aircraft instruments.

Aircraft mechanics occasionally make emergency repairs. After obtaining a description of the problem from the pilot, they locate and correct the faulty equipment. They must work quickly and accu­rately so that the aeroplane can be returned to service.

Mechanics use many different tools ranging from simple hand-tools such as screwdrivers and wrenches to power tools such as drills. They also use test equip­ment to locate flaws, electrical shorts, and other problems.

The mechanic in the aviation field most often works for an es­tablished maintenance, repair, overhaul and modification service conducted at an airport. In a small operation, he may be the only member of the staff who holds a license to perform aircraft re­pairs. In a bigger shop, he may be one of a number of qualified tech­nicians, perhaps specializing.

Most of the work the mechanic does is with his hands. But there's a lot more to it than mani­pulating tools and twisting wrenches.

The licensed mechanic has to be expert in sev­eral basic areas of theory, as well as in applying his knowledge of theory to the practical business of adjusting, repairing or over­hauling almost every component and system on an aeroplane. There's realty more brains than brawn involved in the job - many times more.

The simplest way to tell you what a mechanic is expected to be qualified to do is to give you an outline of a typical examination for the mechanic rating. There are generally three parts to these tests: written, oral and practical performance of actual repairs. The technician who is fully quali­fied to hold amechanic's license shouldn't have any trouble with them. The tests generally cover five subject areas, each with its own sub-sections:

I. General, Baste Electricity, Aircraft Drawings, Weight and Balance, Fluid Lines and Fittings, Materials and Processes, Ground Operation and Ser­vicing, Cleaning and Corrosion Control, Mathematics, Maintenance Forms and Records, Basic Physics, Maintenance Publications, Mechanic Privileges.

Text 2

ENGINE

Knowledge of a few general principles of engine operation will help the pilot obtain increased dependabilityand efficiency from the engine and, in many instances, this knowledge will help inavoiding engine failure. As different types of aircraft are equipped with different types of engines, it is impractical to discuss in detail the various types of engines here. Information from the manufacturer's instruction manual; familiarity with the operating limitations for the airplane engine; and specific advice from a flight instruc­tor should provide adequate information to op­erate an airplane engine satisfactorily.

Aircraft engine is an engine that is used or intended to be used for propelling aircraft. The aircraft engine includes all accessories necessary for its functioning, but does not include propellers.

Propeller is a device for propelling an aircraft that has blades on an engine-driven shaft and that, when rotated, produces by itsac­tion on the air, a thrust approximately perpendicular to its plane of rotation.

Most light airplane engines installed on aircraft designed for ab-initio training are in­ternal combustion of the reciprocating type. They are called reciprocating engines because certain parts move back and forth in contrast to a circular motion such as a turbine. The re­ciprocating engine consists of cylinders, pis­tons, connecting rods, and a crankshaft. One end of a connecting rod is attached to a piston and the other end to the crankshaft. This con­verts the straight-line motion of the piston to the rotary motion of the crankshaft, which turns the propeller. At the closed end of the cylinder there are normally two spark plugs which ignite the fuel, and two openings over which valves open and close. One valve (the in­take valve) when open admits the mixture of fuel and air, and the other (the exhaust valve) when open permits the burned gases to escape. For the engine to complete one cycle, die pis­ton must complete four strokes. This requires two revolutions of the crankshaft. The four strokes are the intake, compression, power, and exhaust. The following describes one cycle of engine operation.

As the piston moves away from the cylinder head, the intake valve is opened and the fuel/air mixture is drawn into the cylin­der. This is the intake stroke.

As the piston returns to the top of the cylinder, both valves are closed, and the fuel/air mixture is compressed. This is the com­pression stroke.

When the piston is approximately at the top of the cylinder head, a spark from the plugs ignites the mixture, which burns at a controlled rate. Expansion of the burning gas exerts pressure on the piston, forcing it downward. This is the power stroke.

Before the piston completes the power stroke the exhaust valve starts to open, and the burned gases are forced out as the piston returns to the top of the cylinder. This is the exhaust stroke.

A spark to ignite the fuel/air mixture in the cylinder is provided by the ignition system

The burning fuel within the cylinders produces intense heat, most of which is expel (through the exhaust. Much of the remaining heat, however, must be removed by the coolingsystem to prevent the engine from overheating.

Most light airplane engines are air cooled. The cooling process is accomplished by cool air being forced into die engine compartment through openings in front of the engine cowl.

The oil system is used as for storing at circulating oil throughout the internal components of the engine. The oil temperature gauge indicates the temperature of the oil which heated by the engine.

The fuel system is intended to continuously supply fuel to the engines, meeting the engine demands under all operating conditions and maintaining the center of gravity position within the tolerable limits.

Text 3