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Basic gas laws.

1. Boyle's law (sometimes referred to as the Boyle–Mariotte law): at constant temperature the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

T = const

Inverse proportionality occurs when one variable gets larger by the same factor as another gets smaller.

2. Charles’s Law: at constant volume the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.

V = const

Charles defined a new temperature scale in which the lowest possible temperature is 0^оС absolute, corresponding to -273.15 ^оС This temperature is called absolute zero.

The symbol T is used for absolute temperature, and t is used for Celsius temperature:

T = t + 273.15

Temperatures of approximately 0.000001 K have been produced in laboratories, but 0 K has never been reached.

3. Gay-Lussac's Law: at constant pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature.

P = const

A temperature of 0^оC and a pressure of 1.00 atm (760 mm Hg, 101.3 kPa) constitute a set of conditions for a gas often called standard temperature and pressure (abbreviated STP).