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1. Action to indicators.
litmus – red methylorange – pink, phenolphthalein - colourless
2. Interaction with bases (reaction of neutralisation)
H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O
2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O
3. Interaction with basic oxides.
| tоС | ||
| CuO + 2HNO3 | → | Cu(NO3)2 + H2O |
4. Interaction with metals.
Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
(metals standing in the electrochemical series before hydrogen, acid-oxidizers).
5. Interaction with salts (reactions of exchange) at which stands out gas or formed residual.
H2SO4 + BaCl2 → BaSO4↓ + 2HCl
2HCl + K2CO3 → 2KCl + H2O + CO2
The most important inorganic acids and their salts.
| № | Chemical formula | Acid name | Salts name |
| 1 | HF | Hydrofluoric acid | fluoride |
| 2 | HCl | Hydrochloric acid | chloride |
| 3 | HBr | Hydrobromic acid | bromide |
| 4 | HI | Hydroiodic acid | Iodide |
| 5 | H2S | Hydrosulfuric acid | sulfide |
| 6 | H2SO3 | Sulfurious acid | sulfite |
| 7 | H2SO4 | Sulfuric acid | sulfate |
| 8 | H2CO3 | Carbonic acid | carbonate |
| 9 | H2SiO3 | Metasilicic acid | Metasilicate |
| 10 | HNO2 | Nitrous acid | Nitrite |
| 11 | HNO3 | Nitric acid | Nitrate |
| 12 | HPO3 | Metaphosphoric acid | Metaphosphate |
| 13 | H3PO4 | Orthophosphoric acid | Orthophosphate |
| 14 | H3PO3 | Phosphorous acid | Phosphite |
| 15 | H4P2O7 | Pyrophosphoric acid | Pyrophosphate (double phosphate) |
| 16 | HClO | Hypochlorous acid | Hypochlorite |
| 17 | HClO2 | Chlorous acid | Chlorite |
| 18 | HClO3 | Chloric acid | Chlorate |
| 19 | HClO4 | Perchloric acid | Perchlorate |
| 20 | HJO | Hypoiodous acid | Hypoiodite |
| 21 | HJO2 | Iodous acid | Iodite |
| 22 | HJO3 | Iodic acid | Iodate |
| 23 | HJO4 | Periodic acid | Periodate |
| 24 | HBrO | Hypobromous acid | Hypobromite |
| 25 | HBrO2 | Bromous acid | Bromite |
| 26 | HBrO3 | Bromic acid | Bromate |
| 27 | HBrO4 | Perbromic acid | Perbromate |
| 28 | HCN | Hydrocyanic acid | Cyanide |
| 29 | HSCN | Thiocyanic acid | Thiocyanate (rhodanide) |
| 30 | HMnO4 | Permanganic acid | Permanganate |
| 31 | H2MnO4 | Manganic acid | Manganate |
| 32 | H2CrO4 | Chromic acid | Chromate |
| 33 | H2Cr2O7 | Dichromic acid | Dichromate |
| 34 | H2MoO4 | Molybdic acid | Molybdate |
| 35 | H2Se | Hydroselenic acid | Selenide |
| 36 | H2SeO3 | Selenous acid | Selenite |
| 37 | H2SeO4 | Selenic acid | Selenate |
| 38 | H2Te | Hydrotelluric acid | Telluride |
| 39 | H2TeO3 | Tellurous acid | Tellurite |
| 40 | H2TeO4 | Telluric acid | Tellurate |
| 41 | H3BO3 | Orthoboric acid | Orthoborate |
| 42 | H2B4O7 | Tetraboric acid | Tetraborate |
| 43 | H3AsO4 | Arsenic acid | Arsenate |
| 44 | HBO2 | Metaboric acid | Metaborate |
| 45 | H3AsO3 | Arsenous acid | Arsenite |
| 46 | H4SiO4 | orthosilicic acid | orthosilicate |
| 47 | H2S2O8 | Peroxodisulfuric acid | peroxodisulfate |
| 48 | H2S2O3 | thiosulfuric acid | thiosulfate |
| 49 | H2S2O7 | disulfuric acid | disulfate |
| 50 | HN3 | Hydrazoic acid | azide |
Practical class 6.
Theme: Salts. Preparation and chemical properties.
Medium salts
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