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| I, WE, YOU, THEY | HE, SHE, IT | |
| Positive | They have arrived. | He has arrived. |
| Negative | They haven’t arrived. | He hasn’t arrived. |
| Questions | Have they arrived? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. Where have you been? | Has he arrived? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. Where has he been? |
The present perfect tense is a present tense. We use it to talk about:
1. A present result of a past action.
E.g. He has lost his diary. (= He doesn’t have it now)
Typical time words here are: just, already (in positive sentences), yet (only in negative sentences and questions).
E.g. I have just done the washing.
She has already cleaned the room.
Have you finished the work yet?
2. People’s experiences without any specific time reference. Here never and ever are often used.
E.g. “Have you ever seen him?”
“No, I have never met this person”.
Other time words are: before, recently, so far, lately.
E.g. I haven’t seen them recently.
I haven’t done it so far.
Have you met them before?
3. Things (actions, states) which began in the past and still continue, especially when we say how long they have lasted.
E.g. Ann has worked with children for 15 years.
Note the time expressions that are common with this use.
ten years
For a week for a period of time
ages
half an hour
1959
last September
Since Easter for a point in time
5 o’clock
she came
4. Also this morning, this evening, this week, today etc. are typical here.
E.g. I haven’t seen her for ages.
We haven’t met since October.
“ How long have you known her?”
“I have known her for a year.”
I have translated three texts today.
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