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III. The junction of speech sounds

6.1

Sounds in actual speech are seldom pronounced by themselves. They are usually pronounced together with other sounds within single words and at the junction of words in phrases and sentences. It is necessary to join the sounds together in the proper way in order to pronounce a word consisting of more than one sound, a phrase or sentence.There exist several types of junction, some of which are common to all or many languages, while others are characteristic of individual languages. The mechanism of joining sounds together can only be understood after analyzing the stages in the articulation of a speech sound pronounced in isolation.

6.2

Every speech sound, pronounced in isolation, has three stages: the on-glide (the initial stage), the retention stage (medial) and the off-glide (release; final).

The on-glide is the stage during which the organs of speech move away from a neutral position to take up the position necessary for the pronunciation of a consonant or a vowel. It produces no audible sound.

The retention stage, during which the organs of speechare kept for some time either in the same position necessary to pronounce the sound (in the case of non-complex sound) or move from one position to another (within complex sounds, such as diphthongoids, diphthongs and affricates).

The off-glide, during which the organs of speech move away to a neutral position. It is not audible for most sounds, except some plosives, whose off-glide produces the sound of plosion before a vowel and in a word-final position before a pause.

6.3

In English there are two principal ways of linking two adjacent speech sounds:

I. Merging (соединение) of stages

II. Interpenetration (взаимопроникновение) of stages

The type of junction depends on the nature of the sounds that are joined together.

As all English sounds come under the classification of consonants and vowels we may speak of joining:

a) A consonant to a following vowel (C+V) [mi:] me;

b) A vowel to a following consonant (V+C) on;

c) Two consonants (C+C) blow;

d) Two vowels (V+V) reality.

Merging of stages

6.4

Merging of stages, as compared with interpenetration of stages, is a simpler and loosen way of joining sounds together. It usually takes place two adjacent sounds of a different nature are joined together. In this case the end of the preceding sound penetrates into the beginning of the following sound. The end of the first sound and the beginning of the second are articulated almost simultaneously. During the merging of stages, some organs of speech move away from the position taken up for the pronunciation of the first sound and others move to take up the position necessary for the articulation of the second sound.

The sounds in merging of stages articulated by:

a) Different organs of speech

b) By different parts of the tongue

c) Both by different organs of speech and by different parts of the tongue