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Read and translate the text.

KINDS OF LAWS

Laws fall into two major groups: criminal and civil. Criminal laws regulate public conduct and set out duties owed to society. A criminal case is a legal action brought by the government against a person charged with committing a crime. Criminal laws have penal­ties, and offenders are imprisoned, fined, placed un­der supervision, or punished in some other way. Crim­inal offenses are divided into felonies and misdemean­ors. The penalty for a felony is a term of more than one year in prison. For a misdemeanor, the penalty is a prison term of one year or less. Felonies are more serious crimes such as murder or robbery. Misde­meanors are less serious crimes such as simple assault or minor theft.

Civil laws regulate relations between individuals or groups of individuals. A civil action (lawsuit) can be brought by a person who feels wronged or injured by another person. Courts may award the injured per­son money for the loss, or they may order the person who committed the wrong to make amends in some other way. An example of a civil action is a lawsuit for recovery of damages suffered in an automobile accident. Civil laws regulate many everydaysituations such as marriage, divorce, contracts, real estate, in­surance, consumer protection, and negligence.

Sometimes one action can violate both civil and criminal law. For example, if Joe beats up Bob, he may have to pay Bob's medical bills under civil lawandmay be charged with the crime of assault under criminal law.

а) Find the equivalents for the following words and expressions in the text:

громадська поведінка; обов’язки перед суспільством; кримінальне право; цивільне право; звинуватити у скоєнні злочина; правопорушник; оштрафувати; помістити під нагляд; ув’язнення на термін до одного року; карний злочин; провина, що карається судом; вбивство; грабіж; напад; крадіжка; цивільна справа; суд може присудити відшкодування за збиток; захист прав споживачів; халатність;судова тяжба (процес); напад.

b) Answer the questions:

1. What two groups of laws do you know?

2. What is a criminal case?

3. How are criminal offenses divided?

4. What crimes are more serious?

5. What is the penalty for a felony or a misdemeanor?

6. Make a list of all the crimes mentioned in the text.

7. What do civil laws regulate?

8. Give your own examples of how one action can violate both civil and criminal laws.

c) Say in a few words what the text is about.

10. Match the words on the left with the correct definitions on the right: