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PRACTICE

LESSON 2

USAGING THE PASSIVE - 2

SOME PECULIARITIES

Passive modal auxiliaries.

a) Modal auxiliaries are often used in the passive: Modal + Be + Past Participle:

▪ The window can’t be opened.

▪ Children should be taught to respect their elders.

▪ Mary has to be told about our change in plans.

▪ The letter must be answered at once.

▪ The books may be kept for two weeks.

▪ He spoke very clearly, he could be heard by everyone.

Stative Passive.

a) When the passive form is used to describe an existing situation or state, it is called ‘the stative passive’. In the stative passive 1) no action is taking place (the action happened earlier), 2) there is no by-phrase, 3) the past participle functions as an adjective:

▪ He is locked.

▪ Now the window is broken.

▪ I’m interested in Chinese art.

▪ He is satisfied with his job.

▪ Ann is married to Alex.

▪ I don’t know where I am. I am lost.

b) Common stative passive verbs + prepositions. (Many stative passive verbs are followed by prepositions other than – by –): - be accustomed to- be acquainted with- be connected to - be dedicated to - be devoted to - be disappointed with / in - be divorced from - be engaged to- be exhausted from- be filled with - be interested in - be known for - be made of - be married to- be pleased with - be prepared for - be provided with - be related to - be remembered for - be satisfied with - be tired of / from- be worried about

The active having a passive meaning.

a) There are sentences in the active having a passive meaning:

▪ The shirt irons well.

▪ Your book reads well.

▪ This coat will wear a lifetime.

▪ The door closed and there was silence in the room.

The verbs taking prepositional objects.

a) The verbs which take prepositional objects can form passive construction of the following pattern:

▪ The film was much spoken about.

▪ The doctor was sent for.

- Mind the place of the preposition in Russian and in English:

▪ He is often laughed at. – Над ним часто смеются.

▪ He was much spoken about. – О нём много говорили.

b) Transitive verbs taking one prepositional object in English and in Russian:

A.

to agree to / with – соглашаться с чем-то

to agree on / upon – прийти к соглашению, договариваться

to arrive at an agreement - прийти к соглашению

to arrive at a compromise - прийти к компромиссу

to arrive at a conclusion - прийти к заключению

to arrive at a decision - прийти к решению

to call for / on – зайти за, позвонить по телефону

to cope with – справиться с

to count on – надеяться, рассчитывать на кого-либо

to deal with – иметь дело с

to depend on – зависеть от

to insist on – настаивать на

to interfere with – вмешиваться в, мешать

to laugh at – смеяться над

to look after – ухаживать за

to look at – смотреть на

to object to – возражать против

to put up with – примириться с

to refer to – ссылаться на

to rely on / upon – полагаться на

to send for – посылать за

to speak to – говорить с

to wait for - ждать

COMPARE:

▪ They have just paid for the car. (Они только что заплатили за машину.)

The car has just been paid for. (За машину только что заплатили.)

▪ I will insist on his coming. (Я буду настаивать на его приходе.)

His coming will be insisted on. (На его приходе будут настаивать.)

B. Transitive verbs taking one prepositional object in English:

to account for – объяснять

to comment on – комментировать

to listen to – слушать

to look for – искать

to operate on- оперировать

to provide for – снабжать

COMPARE:

▪ He looked for the kid everywhere. (Он искал ребёнка повсюду.)

The kid was looked for everywhere. (Ребёнка искали повсюду.)

C. Transitive verbs taking prepositional object or indirect object in Russian:

to address – обращаться к

to admire – восхищаться (кем-либо, чем-либо)

to answer – отвечать на

to approach – приближаться к

to assist – помогать кому-либо

to believe – верить кому / чему- либо

to contradict – противоречить (кому / чему- либо)

to enjoy – наслаждаться чем-либо

to enter – входить в

to follow – следовать за

to influence – влиять на

to join – присоединяться к

to need – нуждаться в

to obey – повиноваться (кому-либо)

to speak – говорить на (языке)

to threaten – угрожать (кому-либо)

to trust – доверять (кому-либо)

to watch – наблюдать за

▪ The bell was not answered. (На звонок не ответили.)

▪ She won’t be believed. (Ей не поверят.)

▪ Since his death the room has not been entered. (C тех пор как он умер, в эту комнату не входили.)

▪ As usual he was followed by his beautiful dog. (Как обычно, за ним следовала его красавица-собака.)

D. Some fixed expressions taking prepositional object in English:

to catch sight of – увидеть, заметить

to find fault with – придираться к

to lose sight of – потерять из виду

to make fun of – насмехаться над

to make a fool of – дурачить

to make use of – использовать

to pay attention to – обращать внимание на

to put an end to – положить конец

to set fire to - поджечь

to take care of – заботиться о

to take (no) notice of – (не) замечать

▪ We don’t usually pay attention to such things. – Such things are not usually paid attention to.

▪ They very seldom made use of that expression. – That expression was very seldom made use of.

▪ I’ll take care of your pets. – Your pets will be taken care of.

▪ The boat was soon lost sight of.

▪ The remark was taken no notice of.

5. The verbs always taking preposition – to – in the passive voice:

to announce to - объявлять

to communicate to - сообщать

to dedicate to – посвящать

to describe to – описывать

to devote to – посвящать

to disclose to – разоблачать

to explain to – объяснять

to interpret to – объяснять, толковать

to introduce to – представлять

to propose to – предлагать

to repeat to – повторять

to submit to – подчинять

to suggest to – предлагать

▪ The new rule was explained to the children.

▪ His decision was announced to the audience.

6. The passive of - doing/seeing - etc. is - being done / being seen -etc.

Compare:

▪ active: I don't like people telling me what to do.

▪ passive: I don't like being told what to do. (=I remember being taken to the zoo when I was a child. (= I remember somebody taking me to the zoo).

▪ Steve hates being kept waiting. (= he hates people keeping him waiting)

▪ We managed to climb over the wall without being seen. (= without anybody seeing us.

PRACTICE