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Recycling in the USA

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  1. Part 1. Waste Recycling
  2. Part 2. Recycling in the USA
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  4. RECYCLING 1 страница
  5. RECYCLING 2 страница
  6. RECYCLING 3 страница
  7. RECYCLING 4 страница
  8. Recycling is an important issue nowadays. Try to convince your officials to pursue this policy in your country.
  9. Text 6F. Recycling

Not since World War II, when enemy submarines threatened the import of raw materials and the USA national survival was at stake, has the fervor for recycling run so high. Just over a thousand curbside recycling programs existed in the United States in 1988; today there are more than 5,000 such programs gathering recyclables from 85 million people. Nearly 65 percent of U.S. aluminum cans are reincarnated, along with a quarter of paper and steel cans and 20 percent of glass. The renewed interest is spurred by a range of concerns: loss of landfill space, contamination of groundwater by landfills, dwindling natural resources, and, perhaps, a growing comprehension of unmatched squandering.

The U.S. leads the world in waste production, according to the Environmental Protection Agency, generating some 200 million tons a year, enough to fill a convoy of garbage trucks stretching eight times around the globe. Each of Americans discards 3.6 pounds a day, almost twice as much as the average German.

Other nations feed on the USA high-quality livings. Tree-poor Taiwan buys used paper to make more paper. Japan takes twisted metal and sells it back to the USA as cars. Scrap iron and wastepaper top the exports leaving New York Harbor.

 

A pile of trash covers the San Diego yard of Curt and Judy McCarty and their children. At left is about what the average American family of four now recycles in a year: 1,100 pounds of aluminum cans, glass containers, plastic bottles, steel cans, newspapers, and cardboard. At right, in bags, is the 5,300 pounds of trash that is discarded. Recycling is catching on — especially in their “environmentally correct” city, but there is still a long way to go.

Exercise 6. Read the text “Where does the waste go?” and decide true or false are the statements given below:

Where does the waste go?

Americans burn 16 percent no wand could burn more. But that raises concerns about air pollution from heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, copper, and mercury, which vaporize in intense heat.

They try to reduce waste by cutting down on the packaging that surrounds their products: It accounts for one-third of American trash.

And the country could reuse more of it. “Recycling works, and it makes economic sense even when a material is plentiful,” said Phil Bailey of the National Recycling Coalition in Washington, D. C. “Recycling glass requires less energy than making it from sand. Recycling steel is cheaper than mining ore.”

Travelling around the country you can see old tires cooked into gasoline, cows bedded down on shredded paper, and garbage turned into dirt to enrich Wisconsin cornfields. You can sit in chairs made from shipping pallets and walked on floors tiled with crushed light-bulbs.

Recycling is where the environment and the economy meet. It’s becoming an integral part of business and industry.

Here’s how recycling works, generally. A community decides to divert waste from a landfill. In addition to the regular garbage trucks, new haulers with separate compartments must now go out to pick up newspapers, beer cans, pickle jars, detergent bottles, and other reclaimables. At a recycling center the materials are further sorted and compacted for sale to a manufacturer who makes them into new products. Yard trimmings and wooden construction debris – two of the largest components of landfills after paper — may be composted at the center and offered directly to consumers.

Paper, glass, plastic, and metals are sorted and sold. Combustibles such as kitchen and yard waste drive a steam-powered generator supplying electricity to the center and 30,000 homes. Other yard trimmings are mixed with sludge from a water-treatment plant and dumped into 84-yard-long concrete composting trenches. Fans force air through the mixture, and clawed machines stir it once a day.

 

Statements:

1. Burning is accompanied by air pollution from heavy metals.

2. Packaging accounts a half of American trash.

3. When material is plentiful recycling doesn’t make economic sense.

4. Mining ore is as cheap as recycling steel.

5. Americans can obtain gasoline from old tires.

6. Newspapers, beer cans, pickle jars, detergent bottles, and other reclaimables are collected separately.

7. At a recycling center the materials are manufactured into new products.

8. Paper is the largest component of the landfill.

9. Water-treatment plant sludge can’t be used in the recycling process.

10. Clawed machines are used for stirring.

 

Exercise 7. Read the text “Recyclable materials” and find the right answer after each question given below:

 




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Part 1. Waste Recycling | Waste Recycling | New Ideas | Part 3. Alternative Sources of Energy | Text D. | Part 4. Solar Energy | Picture 1. | The Sun | Hot News from Our Stormy Star |


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