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Задание 1. Найдите предложения с независимым причастным оборотом, напишите их переведите.
1. The first engines appeared in the 17-th century and people began using them to operate factories, irrigate land, supply water to towns, etc. 2. The steam engine having been invented in 1825, a self-propelled vehicle was built. 3. The supply of steam in the car lasting only 15 minutes, the vehicle had to stop every 100 yards to make more steam. 4. After the German engineer N. Otto had invented the gasoline engine, the application of this engine in motor cars began in many countries. 5. The cars at that time were very small, the engine being placed under the seat. 6. Motorists had to carry a supply of fuel, because there were no service stations. 7. Brakes having become more efficient, cars achieved greater reliability. 8. Cars with internal combustion engines having appeared, the automobile industry began developing rapidly. 9. By 1960 the number of cars in the world had reached 60 million, no other industry having ever developed so quickly.
Задание 2. Найдите герундий в следующих парах предложений. Предложения переведите.
1. Overcoming these difficulties is not so easy as it may seem. Overcoming these difficulties the designers can increase the fuel efficiency. 2. Setting a problem the scientist makes the first step to its solution. Setting a problem is the first step to its solution. 3. Covering the distance between Tokyo and Moscow is less than two hours this superliner develops a speed five times above the speed of sound. Covering the distance between TOKYO AND Moscow on board a superliner requires about two hours. 4. Putting the discovery into practice the engineers will solve a complicated technological task. Putting the discovery into practice sometimes requires more effort than making it.
Задание3. Замените придаточные предложения причастными оборотами.
1. When the object is moving through the air, it pushes the air aside.
2. After they had obtained valuable information on aircraft with a pilot, they began to send up un-manned airplanes.
UNIT 6
Турбовинтовые двигатели
Задание 1. Прослушайте, повторите и запомните слова:
1. turboprop - турбовинтовой
2. propulsive thrust - тяга(как движущая сила)
3. exhaust nozzle - выхлопное сопло
4. reduction gear - редуктор
5. similar - похожий, подобный
6. provide - снабжать, обеспечивать
7. derive - выводить, получать
8. approximately - приблизительно
9. place - помещать
10. enable - делать возможным
11. rpm (revolutions per minute) - оборотов в минуту
12. shaft - вал
13. ratio - отношение
14. momentum - количество движения
15. overall - полный, общий
16. turboshaft - турбовальный
Задание 2. Подберите слова, одинаковые по значению.
1. power 1. velocity
2. part 2. different
3. various 3. to place
4. speed 4. portion
5. to locate 5. to operate
6. to function 6. currently
7. airscrew 7. energy
8. nowadays 8. propeller
Задание 3. Подберите слова, противоположные по значению.
1. similar 1. efficiently
2. maximum 2. internal
3. low 3. to increase
4. external 4. minimum
5. inefficiently 5. last
6. to reduce 6. different
7. first 7. high
Задание 4. Прочтите и догадайтесь о значении следующих слов:
mechanical compressor, diffuser, helicopter, marine application, propeller, to extract power, rotation speed, to operate efficiently, dual momentum change, internal momentum increase, total thrust, to adapt, single-engine aircraft, a variation of the turboprop engine.
Задание 5. Прочтите предложения, вставляя пропущенные слова. Предложения переведите.
1. The …. engine is very similar to the turbojet engine.
2. In the turboprop engine one of the turbines drives the ….., while the other drives the …...
3. The shaft rotation is 12,000 …...
4. The turboprop engine derives most of its ….. from the propeller.
5. In the turboprop engine the turbine.…. much more power than it does in the turbojet engine.
6. The.…. rotation speed of gas turbine engines is very high.
7. The propeller increases the air …...
shaft, rpm, turboprop, momentum, propeller, to extract, propulsive thrust, compressor.
Задание 6. Прочтите и переведите предложения.
1. A turboprop engine is a gas turbine driving a propeller.
2. The diffuser delivers air to the mechanical compressor.
3. The compressor compresses the air and delivers to the combustion chamber.
4. The reduction gear must be placed between the turbine shaft and the propeller.
5. Little power is derived from the exhaust nozzle.
Задание 7. Прочтите и переведите текст.
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