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The civil war in Britain

The English Civil War started in 1642 when Charles I raised his royal standard in Nottingham. The split between Charles and Parliament was such that neither side was willing to back down over the principles that they held and war was inevitable as a way in which all problems could be solved. The country split into those who supported the king and those who supported Parliament – the classic ingredients for a civil war.

As with most wars during the C17th, the English Civil War was not a long continuous war. Armies lacked(не хватало) mobility and the time taken to collect the most basic of equipment meant that there were long periods of time when no fighting was taking.The weather was also a major determining factor in whether armies could fight or not

There were only three major battles in the English Civil War – Edge Hill (1642) Marston Moor (1644) and Naseby (1645).

While it is difficult to give an exact breakdown of who supported who as there were regional variations, at a general level the nobility, landowners and Anglicans supported Charles I while those in the towns and cities supported Parliament. However, this is a generalisation(обобщение) and there were noblemen (дворяне)who supported Parliament and there were towns such as Newark that supported Charles.

The first major battle of the English Civil War was at Edge Hill. While both sides claimed success, there was no decisive (решающий) result from this battle.

In 1644, Charles lost control of the north of England as a result of a major defeat at the Battle of Marston Moor (Оливер кромвель-армия нового образца)

In June 1645, Cromwell’s New Model Army inflicted a fatal blow to the king’s army at the Battle of Naseby. Charles did not recover from this defeat.

In 1646, Charles surrendered (сдался)to the Scots rather than to Parliament. He hoped to take advantage of the fact that the Scottish and Parliamentary alliance was fragile(хрупкий) and could collapse at any time.

In fact, the Scots took advantage of Charles and sold him to Parliament for £400,000 in January 1647. The problem Parliament now had was what to do with Charles. In November 1647, he escaped to Carisbrooke Castle on the Isle of Wight and in 1648 the short-lived second civil war broke out. The supporters of the king were defeated at Preston. All that Charles had proved to Parliament was that he could not be trusted.

Resultes- England was proclaimed a constitutional monarchy. The crown was passed on terms dictated by the Parliament, that is, establishes a regime of limited (constitutional) monarchy. Thus the main goal of the revolution was achieved. Among the most important results of the English Revolution - the disappearance of absolutism, it was a blow9 удар) to feudal property, which actually turned into a bourgeois. Revolution proclaimed the freedom of trade and business. Paramount importance was the adoption in 1651, the Navigation Act, according to which foreign trade transportation could only be carried on English ships or in ships of the country that produced this product