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Among minor groups verbs that be referred neither to str nor to weak verbs, there were several anomalous (irregular0 verbs, which forms are derived from different roots. Eg: bēon (быть) – be, was, is; Pres. tense – ist; past pl - wæ‾ron, past sg – wæst;
Some verbs combined the features of weak and str verbs. Eg: dōn – a weak Past. (vowel interchange); dōn – dyde – ge – dōn (do NE).
To this group the verbs dōn (do), gān (go), willan (will), belong.
31.Preterite-present verbs in OE&their further development.
Several minor groups of verbs can’t be referred neither to str. Nor to weak group.The most important group of these verbs were preterite-present:there were12,only6 vived.
e.g.maзan-мочь
aзan(ought)
cunan(can,could)
dear(dare)
sculan(shall,should)
mot(must)
They denote not action but state.
The conjugation:
1.str.verbs.Past-the Pres.
2.weak verbs,-e,-est,-e-the Past
3.the interchanges of root vowels in the sg.&pl.of Pres-the str.v.
Most NE modal verbs have developed from themðmodal verbs don’t have the ending-s in the 3rdp.sg.
34.Changes in the verb conjucation in ME&NE.
Many markers of the grammatical forms of the verb were reduced, leveled&lost in ME&early NE → growth of homonymy:
1. number distinctions were neutralized in many positions(15 th c.)
2.the differences in the forms of Person were maintained in ME:
OE-þ,-eþ,-iaþ(3 rd p.sg.) → -(e)th → (e)s
2 nd p.sg.-est,-es
3 rd p.sg.-eth/es,s/eth
3. Past Tense: -1 st p.sg.-d,-ed
-2 nd p.sg.-de,des/edest
e.g.fandes,lookedest
4. str. In ME the final syllables of yhe stems were weakened, early NE – were lost
5. the root–vowels underwent the regular changes of stressed vowels.
6.Past, PartII-ed,d
7. weak. ME weak verbs are the source of Mod. standart(regular)verbs.
8.Past&PartII
-after a voiced consonant/a vowel:e.g.deemde [de: mde] >[di: md]>NE deemed
-after a voiceless consonant:e.g.lookede [ l э:kədə]>[lu: kəd]>[lukt]>NE looked
-after [t]/[d]e.g.wantede [wantədə]>[wэntid]> NE wanted
9.a few weak verbs adopted str.forms:e.g.wear
hide
10.In ME many str.verbs → intj weak: they began to use dental suf. instead of the toot-verb change;
11.structural changes:
-the root vowels in the Past Sg.&Pl. often fell together. In the 15 th. c. one stem is used:in NE 3 forms of str. verb are distinguished:e.g.write-wrote-written
-the OE endings-an
-on →en (NE)
-en
are weakened&fall together
12.the fate of the inflections:
-2 nd p.sg.(e)st in early NE wentout together
e.g.þu>thou
-3 rd p.sg.-eþ (-eth)-early NE were replaced by –s (north):
e.g.telles
-in the 17 th c. we find ‘doth, hoth’ e.g. The Queen commeth&findes him dead(Королева приходит и находит его мёртвым)
-the inflexion of the pl were reduced and lost.
30.Weak verbs in OE&their further development.
The OE verb had numerous persons&number cases but it had fewer gram.categories than NE verb has.Weak verbs form their Past forms&Part.II by ending the suffix-d,-t.Had 4principle forms:
-Inf.(macian)(make)
-Past Sg(macode)
-PartII(macod)
-Past Pl(macodon)
There’re purely of Germanic origin.Presented a productive type.Had 3 classes
1.they differed in:
-the ending of the Inf.
-the sonority of the suf.
-the sound preceding the suf.
2.cl.I:
-Inf.-an
-the Past-de,-ede,-te
-PartII-d,-ed,-t
3.clII:
-Inf-ian
-Past-o+suf.
-PartII-o+suf
were built with the help of o/oj
4.clIII-inf.-an without vowel before the suf.
5.ME main changes:there were 2cl.-s.The 3rd cl.disappeared.
ME clI -Part.-de
-Past Part.-end,-ed
clII:Past Part.-ede,-ed
6.the development of the inflection-te(de)in early NE shows the origins of the Modern variant.
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