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Classification of Law. Civil and Criminal Law. Public and Private Law.

The body of law is huge. To study it, one must break it down by some means of classification. Here we look at one of the most significant

classifications: the division of law into civil and criminal and into public and private.

One of the most common classifications and one that is used by many legal systems is the distinction between civil and criminal law. As civil and

criminal law have different purposes, different system for dealing with them have been developed.

Criminal law is about creating laws for the protection of society as a whole and providing punishment for those who break those laws. Criminal law

sets out types of behaviour that are forbidden within society and if the behaviour occurs, than punishment will follow. If you commit a crime, you

have offended against the state has the right to prosecute you. At the end of a case, if the defendant (the person who is alleged to have broken the

law) is found guilty, he/she will be punished by the state.

Civil law is used to settle disputes between individuals or legal bodies (companies and corporations). At the end of a case, the party at fault has to pay

compensation or comply with another suitable remedy, such as an injunction.

While the distinction between civil and criminal law is quite clear, it does not always capture the whole of the legal system or the types of law that exits.

Another common classification is public and private law.

Public law involves the state or government in some way. There are three mien types of law that fall into this category.

Constitutional law: controls how the government operates and is used to resolve any disputes over constitutional matter, for example, who is entitled to vote.

Administrative law: controls how Ministers of State and public bodies should operate and make decisions. An important part of administrative law is

a type of court action knows as judicial review.

Criminal law: this also comes under the heading of public law because it involves the state. Criminal law is part of public law because a crime is

regarded as an action against society and the state as a whole.

Private law concerns the smooth running if society and covers such areas as work, business dealings, education and everyday life. There are many

different areas of law that fall under the heading of private. Examples include employment law, contract law, the law of tort and the law of succession.