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ACCOUNT number 10

1.Muzeum Europe. The British Museum

2.Muzeum Europe. Royal Armouries

3.Muzeum Europe. Madame Tussauds.

1.British Museum - Museum chief UK and one of the largest museums in the world.

The British Museum was founded in 1753, opened in 1759 (the building was constructed in 1823-47, architect R. Smerk; reading room - in 1854-57, architect S. Smerk).

Originally opened as a collection of antiquities from Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Assyria and other countries. In particular, it is in the British Museum houses the famous Rosetta Stone.

At the moment, the museum also has lots of drawings, engravings, medals, coins and books relating to a variety of ages, including antiquity, the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

In the library of the British Museum is more than 7 million printed books and about 105 thousand manuscripts, about 100 thousand charters and charters over 3 thousand papyri.

Entrance to the British Museum is free. Funny funny thing: in the state museum appear six cats, working rat-catchers.

Since 1926, the British Museum publishes a quarterly magazine «British Museum Quarterly».

2.Royal Armouries (born Royal Armouries) - the oldest national museum in the UK, containing a collection of weapons and armor.Has three compartments: Main Collection (Leeds), Tower (London) Collection Artillery (Portsmouth).

History of creation.

History collection of arms and armor back to the time of construction of the Tower of London in the XI century, but until 1660 the collection was not available to the public. We only know that starting at the XV century, King sometimes allowed visiting collections distinguished guests. In 1660, King Charles II, returned to the throne, opened as a museum collection of royal treasures and weapons, including a set of equestrian sculptures of English monarchs and Spanish instruments of torture, according to legend captured after the failure of the Great Armada (1588).

During the construction of the British Empire collection of arms continued to grow, including through the captured captured weapons. The aim of the museum at the time was the glorification of the British military successes.

In the second half of the XIX century concept of the museum has undergone significant changes. Instead of a set of curiosities that capture the imagination of the public, the museum tries to reflect the historic prospects of organizing the exhibition in the contest development of royal power, technology, and public perception.

Modern state.

Continuous replenishment of a collection made ​​it impossible to put in the Tower at least any significant part of it. In 1988 exposition opened artillery at Fort Nelson (near Portsmouth), and in 1996 opened a new museum building in Leeds, which has been translated most of the collection of the Tower. 3.Madame Tussauds (Madame Tussauds) - wax museum in London with branches in Amsterdam, Hong Kong, Las Vegas, Copenhagen, New York and Hong Kong. It was founded by sculptor Maria Tussaud.

Marie Tussaud (1761-1850), nee Groskholtts, worked as a housekeeper Dr. Phillip Curtis engaged in wax models. He taught Marie Tussaud the art of working with wax. In 1765 he made ​​a wax figure of Marie Jean du Barry, mistress of Louis XV, one of the first studies on the wax. The first exhibition of wax works by Phillip Curtis was held in 1770 and was a great success. In 1776, the exhibition was held at the Palais Royal in Paris. Next exhibition in the Boulevard du Temple in 1782, a predecessor of the Cabinet of Horrors.

In 1778, Marie Tussaud created her first wax figure of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and then followed by Voltaire, Franklin Benzhdamin. During the French Revolution she made death masks of the royal family. After his death in 1794 his collection Phillip Curtis goes to Mary Tussauds. In 1802, Marie Tussaud moved to London. In connection with the Anglo-French war Marie Tussaud and her collection can not return to France, she was forced to travel across the UK and Ireland. In 1835 was established the first permanent exhibition on Baker Street in London.

One of the central part of her museum was the Chamber of Horrors. Part of the exhibition included victims of the French Revolution, the figures of murderers and other criminals.

Over time, the collection was filled figures and other famous people, such as Admiral Nelson, Walter Scott.In 1884, the collection moved to Marylebone Road. In 1925 a fire destroyed many of the figures. Fortunately, the form is not affected, and the figures were reconstructed.