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Verb is a part of speech with grammatical meaning of process, action. Verb performs the central role of the predicative function of the sentence.
Verb is a very complex part of speech and first of all because of it’s various subclass division. If we admit the existence of the category of finitude as Prof.Blokh does that we’re divide all the verbs into 2 large sets: the finite set and non-finite set.
Syntactical function is that of the predicate, because the finite verb expresses the processual categorial features of predication that is time, voice, aspect and mood. Verbs are characterized by specific forms of word-building. The stems may be simple ex: go, take, read. Sound replacive: food-feed, blood-bleed. Stress replacive ex; Import-impOrt
According to their semantic structure the finite verbs are divided into:
notional which possess full lexical meaning
seminotional – they have very general faded lexical meaning
a. auxiliary verbs - they perform purely grammatical function
b. modal verbs - they express relational meaning, ability, obligation and so on.
auxiliary – no lexical meaning, only grammatical //do, be
c. link verbs -introducing predicative which is expressed by noun,adj,phrase (to seem)
Grammatical category of tense – denotes the reflection of objective divisions of time – present, past & future + in English, time viewed from some point in the past, so called Future-in-the-past or Future I as opposed to Future I; expresses the relation between the time of the action & the moment of speech (now) or any other point in reference taken for the basis of temporal relations (then).
Verbs denote actions & they are related both to the concept of space & time. These conc-s are closely interrelated. The idea of their unity found it's expression in the theory of Chronotope which concideres them as 2 diffr aspects of the whole. In most langv the expression of time is associated with the gr category of tense with 3 gr tenses: pres, past, future.
The gr category of tense is defined as a category which expresses the relations b/w the time of the action and the moment of speech.
The problem of Tense has always been in the focus of lingv attention. Lingv -s differ in the number of tense forms. This number various from 2 to 12. Reasons: tense, asp, time, may be expressed simultaneously in one and the same form. This gives ground to interprete such forms as tenses. Korsakov presents the gr cat of tense in E as a complex system which includes absolute and anterior tenses, static and dynamic tenses. Smirnitskiy says that a categorial form cannot express at a time several meanings of the same cat - ry, but it can expr several meanings of difr gr categor.
The pres-day paradigme of the tense has 3 times: pr, past, future.
The pr tense expresses connection simultaneous to the time of communication.
The past tense expr the act prior to the time of communication.
The future - an action subsequent to the time of communication.
The pr tense presupposes the immediate perception of the events by the viewer. Whereas past and future denote events which are not percepted directly.
Aspect is a grammatical category that expresses how an action, event or state, denoted by a verb, relates to the flow of time.
A basic aspectual distinction is that between perfective and imperfective aspects. Perfective aspect is used in referring to an event conceived as bounded and unitary, without reference to any flow of time during it ("I helped him"). Imperfective aspect is used for situations conceived as existing continuously or repetitively as time flows ("I was helping him"; "I used to help people"). Further distinctions can be made, for example, to distinguish states and ongoing actions (continuous and progressive aspects) from repetitive actions (habitual aspect).
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