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| Proteins (Белки) | Proteins are large biological molecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more chains of amino acid residues. |
| Lipids (Липиды) | Lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others. |
| Carbohydrates (Углеводы) | A carbohydrate is a large biological molecule, or macromolecule, consisting only of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula C m (H2O) n (where m could be different from n). |
| Nucleic acids (Нуклеиновые кислоты) | Nucleic acids are polymeric macromolecules, or large biological molecules, essential for all known forms of life. Nucleic acids, which include DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are made from monomers known as nucleotides. |
| Alkaloids (Алкалоиды) | Alkaloids are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure are also attributed to alkaloids. |
| Hormones (Гормоны) | A hormone is a class of regulatory biochemicals produced in particular parts of organisms by specific cells, glands, and/or tissues and then transported by the bloodstream to other parts of the body, with the intent of influencing a variety of physiological and behavioral activities, such as the processes of digestion, metabolism, growth, reproduction, and mood control. |
| Vitamines (Витамины) | A vitamin is an organic compound required by an organism as a vital nutrient in limited amounts. An organic chemical compound (or related set of compounds) is called a vitamin when it cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantities by an organism, and must be obtained from the diet. Thus, the term is conditional both on the circumstances and on the particular organism. |
| Enzymes (Ферменты) | Enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of metabolic processes that sustain life. They are highly selective catalysts, greatly accelerating both the rate and specificity of metabolic reactions, from the digestion of food to the synthesis of DNA. Most enzymes are proteins. |
What Is The Importance Of Biochemistry?
In modern science and society, biochemistry is absolutely essential. The study is defined as the chemistry of living things, whether they’re human or not. It is the study of how things work within the body and what happens to chemicals to perform the basic processes of all living bodies on the planet.
Chemical processes are always taking place within the body, and biochemistry looks at how these happen, and why these happen. If the study is taken into a more broad view, then it also studies the chemistry relating to living cells. The study of this kind of science plays a huge role in medicine as well as technology, as we will being to learn even more about the impact that drugs have on the body, and the different reactions that occur in different living cells. This, in turn, influences the biochemistry in the body.
In the field of biochemistry, the chemical properties of different kinds of cells and biological molecules, that have a huge role in the body, are studied in relation to other things. These incredibly important cells in the body are studied along side the enzyme-catalysed reactions in the body. It’s a complicated study and indeed a specialised one, and without the work performed in this area of study, nobody would be bale to continue progressing in the field of helping people life more healthily, and longer.
Science would come to a stand still without even more study, as diseased could not be properly looked at, the effect of every day life on the body could not be studied, and the bodies will to some extent remain a mystery for the rest of the lifetime of humankind. It’s important the biochemistry continues so that we can continue to find out how the body works, and maybe even one day become successful in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence.
Vocabulary:
biological molecules – биологические молекулы
macromolecules - макромолекулы
amino acid residues – аминокислотные остатки
Fats – жиры
Waxes – воска
Sterols - стерины
fat-soluble vitamins – жирорастворимые витамины
monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides – моно-, ди- и триглицериды
phospholipids – фосфолипиды
empirical formula – эмпирическая формула
weakly acidic properties – слабокислотные свойства
highly selective catalysts – высокоселективные катализаторы
metabolic reactions – метаболические реакции
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