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Theme: Concentration units.
Solution - a mixture consisting of a solute and a solvent
Solute - component of a solution present in the lesser amount
Solvent - component of a solution present in the greater amount
Concentration - amount of a solute present in a solution per standard amount of solvent
There are numerous ways of expressing concentrations. It will be important to know the units used to express each concentration, as these units essentially define the concentration.
Percent by Mass (Weight percent, ω%)
The percent by mass of a solute is simply the number of grams of solute in exactly 100 g of solution. It can be calculated as exactly 100% times the mass of the solute divided by the mass of the entire solution:
Thus a 10.00% aqueous saline solution has 10.00 g of NaCl in 100.00 g of solution.
The mass of the water can be calculated from its percentage (90.00%) or by subtraction of the mass of the salt from the total mass:
This unit of concentration is often used for concentrated solutions, typically acids and bases.
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