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Theme: fundamentals of analytical chemistry.The role of analytical chemistry.
Analytical chemistry is one of the chemical disciplines. Analytical chemistry is united with other chemical sciences with common chemical laws and based on studying of chemical properties of substances.
Analytical chemistry is the study of the separation, identification, and quantification of the chemical components of natural and artificial materials. Qualitative analysis gives an indication of the identity of the chemical species in the sample, and quantitative analysis determines the amount of certain components in the substance. The separation of components is often performed prior to analysis.
Analytical chemistry is the chemical science about:
– theoretical base of chemical analysis of substances;
– method of detection and identification of chemical elements;
– methods of qualitative determination of substances;
– methods of selection (separation) of chemical elements and its compounds;
– methods of establishing the structure of chemical compounds.
Subjects of analytical chemistry are: chemical elements and its compounds and processing of transformation of substances in run chemical reactions.
The main tool of chemical analysis is chemical reaction as a source of information about chemical composition of substances using for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Aims of analytical chemistry are:
1. Establishing the chemical composition of analyzed object (isotopic, elementary, ionic, molecular, phase) – qualitative analysis.
Qualitative analysis consist from
– identification – establishing of identity of researched chemical compounds with well-known substance due to compare its physical and chemical properties
– and detection – checking the presence in analyzed objects some components, impurities, functional groups etc.
2. Determination of content (amount and concentration) some components in analyzed objects – quantitative analysis.
3. Determination (establishing) of structure of chemical compound – nature and number of structural elements, its bonds one to another, disposition in space.
4. Detection of heterogeneity on surface or in volume of solids, distribution of elements in layers.
5. Research process in time: establishing character, mechanism and rate of molecular regrouping.
6. Developing of present analytical methods theory, working out the new methods of analysis.
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