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All endodontic instruments correspond to demands of the International Standart Organisation (ISO) and are marked appropriately. Each kind of instruments is different by shape, length and marked with definite color.
Instruments|tool| are divided into hand|manual| and machine.
By the purpose endodontic instruments are divided into several groups:
- for determining|definition| a size of root canals (diagnostic root needles|dignostic|);
- for removing the pulp (pulp extractors)
- for broadening|amplification| root orifices (Largo|, Peeso-reamer|, Gates| Gliden| Drill)|;
- for passing root canals (K- reamer, K- flexoreamer |, Afigal| reamer);
- for broadening|amplification| root canals (Pathfinder|, K-file|, K-flexofile|, K-nitiflex|);
- for shaping root canals (H- file);
- for filling root canals (canal fillers, spreaders, condensers, pluggers).
KEER| is the first|first-run| in the world company|Co.| which|what| made endodontic| instruments|tool| machine twisting in a clockwise direction (files and reamers|). They are made from the special round stainless steel | wire which at first is sharpened, creating verges (up to a 40 size|dimension| – square crossing|traversal|, more 40 – triangular Н| (Hedstroem|) – a file is made by sharpening of wire with the special diamond circle. These instruments|tool| have good cutting characteristics and are used|use| for the removal|taking-out| of dental tissues|CLO,cl| from the walls|paries| of canal|lade|, but they are not such strong and can easily become broken|.
Purposes|purpose| and rules of work|wrk| with basic|main| endodontic| instruments|tool|
| Name|appelation| of instrument | Purpose | Rules of work |
| K-reamer | Passing of root canals. | Upward or downward movement|down|, rotation on 180-360 o in a clockwise direction (penetration|, rotation|rotary|, retraction|). |
| К-file | Removing|erasion| of hard|scirrhous| tissues from a root canal (broadening|amplification|). | Upward or downward movement|down|, rotation on 90-180 o in clockwise and contrarclockwise direction. |
| Н-file | Smoothing of the root canals walls (shaping). | Vertical upward movements (it’s possible to rotate on 90 o). |
| Gates Glidden, Peeso -Reamer (Largo) | Broadening of|amplification| root orifice and upper 1/3 of root canal. | Use in a machine rotating mode (500-800 turns per minute). |
| Pulp extractor | Removing of the pulp or its remains from the root canals. | Upward or downward movement, rotation on small angles. |
| Canal filler | Filling of the root canal with a sealer. | Use in a machine rotating mode (up to 300 turns per minute). |
| Plugger | Vertical condensation of gutta-percha.|gutta| | Vertically condences gutta-percha by motions in a canal in direction to apex and backward. |
| Spreader | Lateral condensation of gutta-percha.|gutta| | Entered under the wall of canal in direction to apex and backwards, forming a place for gutta-percha pin of less size. |
Control questions:
1. How is access to|by| the root canals of different|diverse| groups of teeth created?
2. Describe the|call| classification and purposes|purpose| of modern endodontic instruments.
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