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| A | The first pig continues along a pipeline. | |
| B | The kicker line is opened. | |
| C | The pig enters a receiver, pig trap isolation valve closes and the trap is drained. | |
| D | The pig trap isolation valve opens and the kicker line valve reopens. | |
| E | Product flows into the launcher. | |
| F | Pigs are preloaded into a simple cassette. | |
| G | The cassette is inserted into the launcher and a closure door shuts. |
16. Read the text “PIPE (MATERIAL)” and fill in the missing information. The first sentence is done for you.
Pipe is a tube 1. or hollow cylinder to convey fluid. The terms 'pipe' and 'tubing' are almost interchangeable. 'Pipe' is generally specified 2. _______________, whereas 'tube' is usually defined 3. ________________but may be specified by any combination of dimensions (OD, ID, wall thickness). 'Tube' is often made to custom sizes and may often have 4. _______________. Also the term "tubing" can be applied to tubes of 5. _______________. The term 'tubing' is more widely used in the USA and 'pipe' elsewhere in the world. Both "pipe" and "tube" imply 6. ______________. Pipe may be specified by standard pipe size designations, or by 7. ______________. Many industrial and government standards exist for the production of pipe and tubing.
17. Fill in the table and record the information from the text according to the following items: type, material, purpose
The manufacturing of pipe uses many materials including ceramic, metal, concrete, and plastic. Pipe may be made from a variety of materials. In the past, materials have included wood and lead. Metal pipes are commonly made from unfinished, black, or galvanized steel, brass, and ductile iron. Plastic tubing is widely used for its light weight, chemical resistance, non-corrosive properties, and ease of making connections. Pipe may also be made from concrete or ceramic. These pipes are usually used for low pressure applications such as gravity flow or drainage. Reinforced concrete can be used for large diameter concrete pipes. This pipe material can be used in many types of construction.
| TYPE | MATERIAL | PURPOSE |
| Metal pipes | Black steel | Pipeline construction |
18. Read the text “Pipeline Construction” and pay attention to the underlined terms.
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