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The most important characteristics: length and structure.
The length of any langv. Unit is a very important factor for a human brain can receive and transmit a sentence only if it is punctuated by pauses.
One-word sentence possesses a very strong emphatic impact for the only word obtains both the word and the sentence stress.
Thee is no direct correlation between the length and the structure of the sentence because short sentences can be structurally complicated, long sentences may have only 1 subject-predicate pair.
Expressiveness of a sentence also depends on the position of clauses.
1. If a sentence opens with the main clause which is followed by depended units, it is less expressive (typical for informal speech and conversation)
2. Appositive structure: more emphatic. Used mainly in creative prose (fiction) – suspense.
3. Similar structuring of the beginning of sentence and its end.
This structure stresses the logic and reasoning. It’s preferred in publicist writing/
Punctuation can emphasize the lexical and synthetical meanings of sentence components.
There are four general principles of creating stylistic components^
1. Omission
2. Repetition
3. Inverted word-order
4. Specific peculiar arrangements
4 Specific arrangement:
polysyndeton, asyndeton, function – both create strong rhythmic impact; polys – strengthens the idea of equal logical or emotive importance of connected elements; asyn – helps to create terse, energetic active prose. The both types are typical for the author’s speech.
Attachment – mainly observed in the speech of the ch-rs. The 2-nd part of the utterance is separated from the 1-st one by a full stop. But the sem-cal and gr-l ties remain very strong. The 2-тв part appears as an after-thought and is often connected with a conjunction.
Dettachment – based on singling out the secondary member of the sent with the help of punctuation. The word order isn’t violated, detached word are emphasized.
Suspense – deliberate postponent of the completion of the sent, function – to keep the reader in excitement, to create the tension, to prepare the reader to the logical conclusion. Less imp-nt are introduced first, the most imp-nt – at the end.
Rhetorical? – semantically it’s a statement, no answer is expected, function - to express emotions, to call the attention.
Enumeration (not SD, objects of one and the same class) – sometimes can be used as SD when the objects are arranged not according to logic but in the way that you would see it.
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