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Onomatopoeia, Alliteration, Assonance, The theory of sound symbolism

Onomatopoeia – is sound imitation, demonstration of the acoustic picture of reality by phonetic means (cries, animals). In different languages it is represented in different ways.

e.g. noise imitation – Bang! Crack!

Certain verbs and nouns reflect the acoustic nature of the process.

Alliteration – repetition of consonants in close succession. This phonetic stylistic device is aimed at imparting a melodic effect to the utterance. Alliteration is generally regarded as a musical accompaniment of the author’s idea, supporting it with some wake emotional atmosphere, which each reader interprets for himself.

Alliteration is spread in English more often than in Russian. It is widely spread not only in poetry, but in emotive prose, newspaper headlines, book titles, proverbs and sayings.

Today Alliteration is one of the most favorite devices of commercial and advertising agencies.

Assonance – repetition of vowels in close succession. (Arnold 280-282, 284)

The theory of sound symbolism (Phonosemantics) (Voronin)

The essence of this theory is aesthetic evaluation of sounds. On the one hand the sounds of all words taken separately will have little aesthetic value. On the other hand, according to recent studies a phoneme devoid of denotative or connotative means seems to have a strong associative and instrumenting power.

9 Rhyme is the repetition of identical or similar terminal sound combinations of words. Depending on a degree of identity of sound combinations rhymes may fall into full rhymes and incomplete rhymes.

In full rhymes the vowel sound and the consonant sounds in a stressed syllable are identical: light – right, might – bite, flown – grown, etc.

Triple rhymes – aaa – the last words of three successive lines are rhymed.

Cross rhymes – abab –the last words of the 1^st and the 3^rd lines, the 2^nd and the 4^th lines are rhymed.

Framing or ring rhymes – abba – the last words of the 1^st and the 4^th, the 2^nd and the 3^rd lines are rhymed.

Rhythm is a flow, movement, procedure, etc., characterized by basically regular recurrence of elements or features, as beat, or accent, in alteration with opposite or different elements or features.

Вопрос 10

Stylistic potential of parts of speech.

Noun

-animate

-inanimate

(category of number, case, person)

Number

-The use of a sing. Noun instead of plural creates a generalized, elevated effect, often bordering on symbolization.

-The contrary device – the use of plural instead of sing. as a rule makes description more powerful and large-scale.

-The plural form of an abstract noun makes it more expressive and brings about semantic growth. One feeling is represented as a number of emotional states each with a certain connotation of a new meaning.

-Proper names employed as plural give the narration a unique generalizing effect.

Person

Abstract nouns transposed into the class of personal nouns are charged with various emotional connotations (personification). The emotive connotation in this case may range from affection to irony or distaste.

Depersonification – treating a person as an inanimate object, a thing.

Case

Usually it’s typical of the proper nouns and it becomes a mark of personification (with inanimate nouns).