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In many kinds of English sentences, you will find the word “it” or the word “there” in the subject position. These are usually “impersonal” sentences — sentences where there is no natural subject. This introduction will help you to understand when to use “it” and when to use “there”.
1. Impersonal “it”
When to use it:
Uuml; Talking about weather.
Examples: (It’s raining - Дощить).
Uuml; Identifying something.
Examples: (Who is it? - Хто це?).
Uuml; Talking about time
Examples: (It’s five o’clock - Зараз п'ята година).
Uuml; Talking about distance.
Examples: (How far is it to Toronto? - Наскільки це далеко від Торонто?).
2. Impersonal “there”
Impersonal “there” is used to say that something exists in a particular place:
Singular: There is a book on the table - На столі є книга.
Plural: There are three men in the car - У машині є троє чоловіків.
Exercise 3. Choose the best answer to complete the sentence.
1. They cancelled the soccer match because ________ snowing.
a) there was
b) it was
c) there were
2. ________ five miles from the station to my house.
a) There is
b) It is
c) There are
3. How long did ________ take you to do your homework?
a) there
b) it
4. How many pages ________ in your grammar book?
a) it is
b) is it
c) are there
d) there are
5. ________ two birds sitting in that tree.
a) There are
b) It is
c) There is
6. Don't cry! ________ no reason to be sad.
a) there are
b) there is
c) It is
7. This is crazy! ________ August, and the weather is still cold!
a) There is
b) There's
c) Its
d) It's
8. ________ any ice cream in the fridge?
a) Is there
b) Is it
c) There is
d) It is
9. Who is that guy? ________ the movie star, Tom Hanks?
a) Aren't there
b) Isn't there
c) Isn't it
10. Somebody ate my apple! Who was ________?
a) it
b) there
Digestive system
The alimentary tract is a musculomembraneous canal about 8 1/2 m (metres) in length. It extends from the oral cavity to the anus. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The liver with gallbladder and pancreas are the large glands of the alimentary tract.
The first division of the alimentary tract is formed by the mouth. Important structures of the mouth are the teeth and the tongue, which is the organ of taste. The soft and hard palates and the salivary glands are also in the oral cavity.
From the mouth food passes through the pharynx to the esophagus and then to the stomach.
The stomach is a dilated portion of the alimentary canal. It is in the upper part of the abdomen under the diaphragm. It measures about 21-25 cm in length,8-9 cm in its greatest diameter. It has a capacity of from 2.14 to 4.28 1 (litres).
The small intestine is a thin—walled muscular tube about 6.5 metres long. It is located in the middle portion of the abdominal cavity. The small intestine is composed of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
The large intestine is about 1.5 metres long. It is divided into caecum, colon, sigm anorectum.
The liver is the largest gland in the human body. It is in the right upper part of the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. The weight of the liver is 1,500 g.
The gallbladder is a hollow sac lying on the lower surface of the liver. The pancreas is along thin gland lying behind the stomach.
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