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1. Very early forms of law and order were based on ….
a) human relations
b) the control by family, tribe or clan
c) property relations
2. Later laws grew from ….
a) historical books
b) people’s opinions
c) from decisions of courts
3. The Greeks introduced the idea that laws are made by ….
a) people
b) gods
c) customs
4. According to the Athenian Law each citizen ….
a) was responsible to inform the government about crime
b) was responsible for law enforcement
c) was responsible for carrying out the court’s judgement
5. The Roman law influenced greatly on ….
a) the form of government in European countries
b) the principles of social structure and policy of Ukraine
c) the most of legal systems of the world
6. Laws were based on ….
a) common sense
b) the Rule of Law
c) relations in human society
Exercise 13. Answer the following questions on the text.
1. What were early forms of law based on?
2. The laws were a blend of customs, morality, religion or magic, weren’t they?
3. What did the people prescribe within their own settings?
4. Did the force of government behind customs make them into laws?
5. What did laws grow from?
6. Where were laws set down?
7. When was the earliest system of laws formed?
8. Whom was the earliest system of laws formed by?
9. What did this system define?
10. What idea did the Greeks introduced?
11. Did the Greeks believe that country should be ruled by law or by
customs and gods?
12. When did the statesman Draco codify and publish the Athenian
Law?
13. What was each citizen responsible for?
14. What s the most significant example of rule by law?
15. Why were the Romans a great lawmaking people?
16. The Romans believed in law and order, didn’t they?
17. Where did the Romans take many of the best laws from?
18. What were these laws combined into?
19. What were these laws based on?
20. Did laws protect individuals and their belongings or the state
property?
21. When is person considered innocent according to the Roman Law?
22. Who does this belief protect?
23. Why have these ideas stood the test of the time?
Exercise 14. Match the beginning and the end of the proverbs and sayings. Find the appropriate translation given below. Comment on their meaning.
1. A guilty conscience … 1. at first sight.
2. Accusing is proving … 2. is a self-accuser.
3. Judge not of men and things … 3. where malice and force sit judges.
1. Не суди про людей і про речі з першого погляду.
2. Нечиста совість спати не дає.
3. Обвинувачення - вже доказ там, де судять злоба та сила.
Exercise 15. Topics for discussion.
1. Speak about early forms of law.
2. Speak about the Athenian Law.
3. Speak about the Roman Law.
4. Speak about history of law.
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