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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

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The word environment means simply what is around us. Some people live in a town environment; for others their environment is the countryside. Since ancient times Nature has served People, being the source of their life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man's interference to nature began to increase. The poisoning of the world's land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease of civilization. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one of history's greatest dangers to human life on earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.

Nowadays people understand how important it is to solve the environmental problems that endanger people’s lives. The most serious environmental problems are: pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution, nuclear pollution), noise from cars, buses, planes, etc., ozone depletion, acid rains, the global warming, destruction of wildlife and countryside beauty, shortage of natural resources (metals, different kinds of fuel) and the growth of population.

In recent years the environmental problems have become extremely urgent and received a great publicity. In some way they are the result of scientific and technological progress of the 20-th century. But people also do a lot of harm to nature because they don't understand that the human is the part of environment. The relationship between human and nature has become one of the most vital problems facing civilization today.

Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. Every year world industry pollutesthe athmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Industrial enterprises emit tons of harmful substances. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains.

Cars are one of the most harmful and dangerous polluters of air. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up. In more than hundred towns and cities the concentration of harmful substances in the air and water is over 10 times the admissible level.

Besides we must remember about ozone holes. More and more often people are told not to be in direct sunlight, because ultraviolet radiation from the sun can cause skin cancer. Normally the ozone layer in the atmosphere protects us from such radiation, but if there are holes in the ozone layer ultraviolet radiation can get to the earth. Many scientists think that these holes are the result of air pollution.

Pollution of water is one of the problems millions of people are concerned today. The pollution of the world's ocean is the result of human's careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crises. There is no ocean or sea, which is not used as a dump. Many seas are used for dumping industrial and nuclear waste. They poison and kill fish and sea animals and water is not suitable for drinking.

The main reason of pollution is rubbish. Most of our rubbish goes to big holes in the ground, called ‘dumps’. But dumps are very dangerous for our life because they are full of rats, which can carry infections away from dumps. Another way to get rid of rubbish is to burn it. But the fire causes poison, which goes into the air and pollutes it.

An even greater environmental threat are nuclear power stations. The most horrible ecological disaster befell Ukraine and its people after the Chernobyltragedy in April 1986. About 18 percent of the territory of Belarus were also polluted with radioactive substances. A great damage has been done to the agriculture, forests and people's health. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power-station are tragic for the Ukrainian, Belarussian and other nations. Another problem is the presence of dangerous radioactive military objects and kosmodrom "Plesetsk".

All these facts make us become more sensitive towards the environment. Various public organizations and unofficial movement do their best to change official and public opinion on the environmental problems. One of the most famous and strong organizations nowadays is "Greenpeace". Greenpeace began its work 20 years ago from saving whales. And now Greenpeace is a world-famous organization, which saves plants, animals and people. This organization wants to rescue animals, helps them to survive and saves jungle and rain forests which are in danger of destruction. And they also help animals because many of them have already gone as they have nowhere to live. Their homes, the trees, have disappeared.

"Travels for Peace and Nature" is the name of another public movement that appeared in Russia some years ago. It concentrates its efforts on theory and practical work. The movement launches all kinds of environmental actions and informs the public of the ways, means and results of this work. Russia is co-operating in the field of environmental protection with the United States, Canada, Norway, Finland and other countries.

But these are only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the future generations.

 




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