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Circle the correct option for each sentence.

When people face/ are facing a critical choice to make and hesitate between different courses of action, they think/ are thinking of reasons for the different things they might do. Modern thinkers have observed/ observed that the reasons people produce in such situations can sort/ can be sorted into different categories. There is/ are considerations of benefits and considerations of obligations. A person who always take/ takes obligations seriously will make different decisions than a person who has committed/ is committed to doing what is most beneficial to people. After hundreds of years of thinking about conflicts among moral ideas, theorists have reached/ are reaching at least one conclusion. This conclusion am/ is that it is difficult to give equal importance to both obligations and benefits.

Modern ethical theory is divided/ has divided into two schools of thought: deontology and teleology. Deontology is held/ holds that what really matters, ethically, is what your obligations are. Teleology is claimed/ claims that what really matters is which actions or policies would be most beneficial to people.

Faced with the great variety of ethical theories, people may/ must still lack answers to such questions as "How should I live?" and "What should I do?" Such questions probably ask/ are asked too much of ethics. Perhaps ethics can/ may do no more than help us make our own ideas clearer, more rational, and more responsive to the realities of life. Ethical theory might/ could not be able to tell what to do. But it might/ should help one to think clearly and critically about one’s values, and to decide whether one needs to develop better ones. That is/ will be probably a process that never ends.

Complete the following definitions with the correct idiom connected with fairness and lies.

1. If you accuse someone of _________, you mean that they have changed the rules, policies or aims in a situation or activity, in order to gain an advantage for themselves and to make things more difficult for the other people involved.
2. If someone _______ your _________, they stop you from getting attention or praise by doing something better or more exciting than you, or by doing what you had intended to do before you can do it.
3. If you are __________, you are made responsible for a problem that nobody else wants to deal with.
4. You use ______________ to refer to a situation that is fair. You usually use this expression when talking about the fact that a situation is not fair, or when saying that you think it should be fair.