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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Mechanical engineering has been recognized as a separate branch of engineering since the formation of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers in Great Britain in 1847. The development of the textile machinery, steam engines, machine-tools, pumping machinery, turbines and locomotives of that time made such a diversity interest for civil engineers that these and applied subjects were called mechanical engineering.

Mechanical engineering deals with the design, construction and operation of machines and devices of all kinds, and with research and sciences upon which these depend. Among these machines are prime movers such as engines and turbines using air, gas, steam and water as operating media; pumping machines and other hydraulic apparatus; steam boilers, heating, ventilating, air conditioning and refrigerating equipment, transportation structures used in aviation; automotive engineering, railroads and ships, machine-tools, special machines for industry and for construction of buildings, railroads and harbours. In fact, mechanical engineering enters into the work of all engineers whose machines are to be developed for the processes of specialists of the other branches of engineering. To understand better the extent of the activities and interests of mechanical engineers, the following lists of the professional divisions and technical committees of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) are given: professional divisions, applied mechanics, aviation, fuel, graphic arts (printing), heat transfer, hydraulics, industrial instruments and regulators, management, materials handling, metals engineering, oil and gas power, process industries, production engineering, railroad, rubber and plastics, textiles, wood industries.

Упражнение 1. Заполните схему (рисунок 1), используя информацию из текста.

Рисунок 1

TEXT 2

Упражнение 1. Просмотрите текст и выберите для каждого абзаца один из следующих заголовков:

первичные двигатели;

определение «машины»;

взаимосвязь понятий «сила и работа»;

энергия и единицы ее измерения.

Упражнение 2. Не читая текста подробно, напишите по 2–3 предложения по-русски к каждому из подзаголовков в упражнении 1 и список известных вам английских слов, с помощью которых можно передать это содержание.