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THE WORKSHOP OF THE WORLD

1. During the 19th century Britain was transformed from a mainly agricultural society into an industrial one. This change has been called the Industrial Revolution because of the dramatic effect it had on the British way of life. People moved to the rapidly expanding towns and cities, railways were developed to transport goods around the country and by 1900 Britain has become a major world power.

2. The coal and iron found in the North-east, the Midlands, Scotland and South Wales provided the power for factories in those areas. The waterways of Newcastle and Glasgow provided easy access to the sea and ship-building industries flourished. Cotton arrived at the great port of Liverpool from the USA and India to be made into cloth in the textile industries nearby. The sheep in the Yorkshire dales provided wool and the coalfields powered the mills. The humid climate of Lancashire was particularly good for the cotton- spinning process. By 1900 Britain was producing over a third of the world’s manufactured goods and had earned the title “The Workshop of the World”.

3. The Industrial Revolution was built on the use of machines in factories. Since the 1950s Britain’s manufacturing industries have replaced the machine operators with computers and this ‘automation’ has led to a decline in the number of employees in manufacturing industries. More manufactures goods are bought and used than ever before but a lot of these goods are imported. By the beginning of the 20th century other industrial countries, like the USA, were competing with Britain’s exports and countries in the Far East have been able to provide cheaper products since the 1970s.

4. During the last 40 years there has been a rise in smaller industries, known as ‘light industries’. These industries use electricity and are not dependent on raw materials such as coal so they are ‘footloose’, i.e. they can be located anywhere. Many light industries are located on the edge of towns or on industrial estates.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Britain is one of the first industrialized nations.

1) в тексте нет информации

2) истинным

3) ложным

ЗАДАНИЕ 28 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

The US has been competing with Britain since the times if the Industrial Revolution.

1) истинным

2) в тексте нет информации

3) ложным

ЗАДАНИЕ 29 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

The climate and the geographical position contributed to the success of the British economy during the Industrial Revolution.

1) в тексте нет информации

2) ложным

3) истинным

ЗАДАНИЕ 30 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Britain and the Soviet Union competed in the industrial sphere in the 20th century.

1) в тексте нет информации

2) ложным

3) истинным

ЗАДАНИЕ 31 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

Light industries are not connected with any manufacturing or source of raw materials.

1) 4 2) 1

3) 2 4) 3

ЗАДАНИЕ 32 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:

The 19th century changes were called a “revolution”.

1) 4 2) 3

3) 1 4) 2

ЗАДАНИЕ 33 (выберите один вариант ответа)

Ответьте на вопрос:

Why was Britain called “The Workshop of the World” in the 19th century?

1) Because of growing importance of Britain in the world.

2) Because it was able to compete successfully with the USA and the countries of the Far East.

3) Because of growing prosperity of its inhabitants.

4) Because it produced more manufactured goods than any other country.

Task 34 (- выберите один вариант ответа)

Определите основную идею текста

1) Britain should preserve its industrial heritage in spite of all modern challenges.

2) The industrial heritage of Britain is being re-examined now.

3) Britain has remained one of the most important industrialized countries in the world.

4) The appearance of machines has changed the world of industry forever.

TEST 8

ЗАДАНИЕ 1 Выберите один вариант ответа

When people say they are going to the ____, they mean they are going to the cinema.

1) photos 2) plays

3) shows 4) pictures

ЗАДАНИЕ 2 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ is ability to do something expertly and well.

1) Qualification 2) Experience

3) Hardworking 4) Skill

ЗАДАНИЕ 3 Выберите один вариант ответа

People are hierarchically arranged in society into ____.

1) social groups 2) social classes

3) social roles 4) social statuses

ЗАДАНИЕ 4 Выберите один вариант ответа

A ____ is a person who has the legal authority to care for personal and property interests of another person.

1) ward 2) parental guardianship

3) legal guardian 4) child custody

ЗАДАНИЕ 5 Выберите один вариант ответа

Mike tried to phone Kate several times, but ____.

1) success 2) succeeds

3) successful 4) unsuccessfully

ЗАДАНИЕ 6 Выберите один вариант ответа

He is ____ American nor Canadian.

1) neither 2) both

3) either 4) no

ЗАДАНИЕ 7 Выберите один вариант ответа

We have no ____ information.

1) farther 2) further

3) far 4) farthest

ЗАДАНИЕ 8 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ meeting will take place ____ next Thursday.

1) the; - 2) the; the

3) a; - 4) -; the

ЗАДАНИЕ 9 Выберите один вариант ответа

Let’s go ____ the cinema ____ foot.

1) by; in 2) on; in

3) with; at 4) to; on

ЗАДАНИЕ 10 Выберите один вариант ответа

David will stay ____ he finishes the work.

1) unless 2) until

3) or 4) whether

ЗАДАНИЕ 11 Выберите один вариант ответа

Mike ____ waiting for you since 2 o’clock.

1) has been waiting 2) has waited

3) is waiting 4) waits

ЗАДАНИЕ 12 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ at the station we called a porter.

1) Arriving 2) Having arrived

3) To arrive 4) Being arrived

ЗАДАНИЕ 13 Выберите один вариант ответа

We’ve run ____ flour and sugar – how can I make a cake?

1) down 2) out of

3) across 4) away

ЗАДАНИЕ 14 Выберите один вариант ответа

There wasn’t much work to do, so we ____ work on Saturday.

1) needn’t 3) couldn’t

3) didn’t have to 4) were not to

ЗАДАНИЕ 15 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

You: Would you mind opening the window?

Madam: ______________

1) Opening? 2) Not at all. It’s stuffy here.

3) I mind. 4) I would.

ЗАДАНИЕ 16 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

Secretary: I’m afraid Mr Whiney isn’t in the office.

Visitor: ______________

1) Could I leave a message? 2) Shall I take the message?

3) Any messages? 4) Excuse the mess.

ЗАДАНИЕ 17 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

You: Have you marked my test yet?

Teacher: ____________________

1) No, I haven’t. 2) Not yet. I’ve been tired.

3) Oh, it’s a pity! 4) Sorry to say I haven’t yet.

ЗАДАНИЕ 18 Выберите наиболее подходящий вариант ответа

You: I’m so nervous about the interview.

John: ______________

1) Keep yourself. 2) Without nerves.

3) No nerves, please. 4) Just keep calm!

ЗАДАНИЕ 19 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ is a ceremony which takes place annually on the Monarch’s official birthday.

1) Trooping the Colour 2) The State Opening of Parliament

3) Coronation 4) Royal Maundy

ЗАДАНИЕ 20 Выберите один вариант ответа

The best mark in the US schools is ____.

1) 5 2) A

3) 100 4) 10

ЗАДАНИЕ 21 Выберите один вариант ответа

Canada is sometimes called a ____ country.

1) sugar beetroot 2) sugar cane

3) sugar melon 4) sugar maple

ЗАДАНИЕ 22 Выберите один вариант ответа

____ (1775–1851), English romantic landscape painter.

1) William Turner 2) Thomas Gainsborough

3) Joshua Reynolds 4) John Constable

ЗАДАНИЕ 23 Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке

1) Dear Mr Hughes

2) Yours truly

3) Bryan & Co

164 Cannon Street

London WE59 7GA

5 February 2010

4) We would like to draw your attention to our invoice No. 437 dated December 10th. As we have not received payment, we would be grateful if you could forward your remittance as soon as possible. If you have already sent the amount due, please ignore this reminder.

5) Mr Jason Hughes

Scientific Ltd

160 Birmingham Avenue

Cleveland Ohio 44321

USA

ЗАДАНИЕ 24 Перед Вами конверт. Соотнесите информацию под определенным номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает.

A) the street name in the mailing address

B) the ZIP Code in the mailing address

C) the addressee

D) the town the letter comes from

E) the addressee’s company name

F) the ZIP Code in the return address

ЗАДАНИЕ 25 Определите, к какому виду делового документа относится представленный ниже отрывок

1) Contract 2) Offer

3) Invoice 4) Letter of advice

ЗАДАНИЕ 26 Выберите слова или сочетания слов для заполнения пропусков так, чтобы они отражали особенности оформления электронного письма

(1) ____: Invitation

Date: 02.04.2010

From: m.smith@teleware.co.uk

(2) ____: t.collins@electron.co.uk (Tomas Collins)

Dear Mr Collins

With (3) ____ to your enquiry of 31 March we are pleased to advise you that the seminar will be held at our premises and we will be able to accommodate your representatives.

We (4) ____ invitations for your convenience.

Yours sincerely

Mary Smith

Marketing Manager

A) enclose B) To

C) reference D) Subject

ЗАДАНИЕ 27 (выберите один вариант ответа)

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