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1. Perhaps it was his own lack of adequate schooling that inspired Horace Mann to work so hard for the important reforms in education that he accomplished. While he was a boy, his father and older brother died, and he became responsible for supporting his family. Like most of the children in his town, he attended school only 2 or 3 months a year. Later, with the help of several teachers, he was able to study law and become a member of the Massachusetts bar, but he never forgot those early struggles.
2. While serving in the Massachusetts legislature, he signed a historic education bill that set up a state board of education. He became the 1st secretary of the board. There he exercised an enormous influence during the critical period of reconstruction that brought into existence the American graded elementary school as a substitute for the older district school system. Under his leadership, the curriculum was restructured, the school year was increased to a minimum of 6 months, and mandatory schooling was extended to age 16. Other important reforms included the establishment of state normal schools for teacher training, institutes for in-service teacher education, and lyceums for adult education, improving salaries for teacher and creating school libraries.
3. Mann’s ideas about school reform were developed and distributed in 12 annual reports to the state of Massachusetts that he wrote during his tenure as secretary of education. Considered quite radical at the time, the Massachusetts reforms later served as a model for the nation. Mann was recognized as the father of public education.
4. During his lifetime, Horace Mann worked tirelessly to extend educational opportunities to agrarian families and the children of poor laborers. In one of his last speeches he summed up his philosophy of education and life: “Be ashamed to die until you have won some victory for humanity”. Surely, his own life was an example of that philosophy.
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Horace Mann’s influence on American education was not accepted.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) истинным
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ 28 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Mann’s educational reforms were distributed in books that could be found in school libraries.
1) истинным
2) в тексте нет информации
3) ложным
ЗАДАНИЕ 29 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
Mann’s educational reforms were not very radical for the time.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ 30 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите, является ли утверждение:
The reforms that H.Mann achieved were later adopted by the nation as a model.
1) в тексте нет информации
2) ложным
3) истинным
ЗАДАНИЕ 31 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
The main aim of Mann’s life is to help others.
1) 4 2) 1
3) 2 4) 3
ЗАДАНИЕ 32 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Укажите, какой части текста (1, 2, 3, 4) соответствует следующая информация:
Mann’s educational reforms get a nationwide recognition.
1) 4 2) 3
3) 1 4) 2
ЗАДАНИЕ 33 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Ответьте на вопрос:
What did H.Mann advocate?
1) He advocated the graded school system.
2) He advocated the district school system.
3) He advocated the substitute school system.
4) He advocated the state school libraries system.
ЗАДАНИЕ 34 (выберите один вариант ответа)
Определите основную идею текста
1) Mann’s philosophy is to think in new ways and help others.
2) Horace Mann’s influence on American education was very great.
3) Horace Mann greatly influenced the Massachusetts State Board of Education.
4) Mann’s educational ideas gained a worldwide popularity.
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