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Education at all levels in Great Britain is available to those who have left school. There are under 50 universities, 30 polytechnics in England and Wales, 14 Scottish central institutions and some 800 other colleges maintained or assisted from public funds. There are specialist colleges such as Agricultural Colleges, Colleges of Art and Music and also a large number of local colleges of further education, technical colleges of commerce, all of which offer a wide choice of subjects.
Approximately 1.8 million students are currently enrolled in the UK higher education system. Tens of thousands of overseas students study at British universities or further education colleges, learning nursing, law, banking and accountancy, science, social science, and more. The cost of education depends on the college or university and the speciality which one chooses. Many students receive grants from public or private funds.
Good “A” Level results in at least two subjects are necessary to get a place at a university. However, good exam passes alone are not enough. Universities choose their students after interviews, and competition for places at university is fierce.
University first-degree courses usually last three or four years. The first degree of Bachelor of Arts, Science, Engineering, Medicine is awarded for satisfactory results at the end of the course. Further study or research is required (except at Oxford and Cambridge) for the degree of Master; it is required at all universities for the highest degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), which takes 2 or 3 years more. Research is an important feature of university work.
The technological universities concentrate on science and technology; some of their courses, known as sandwich courses, combine academic study with training in industry. They also provide courses in other subjects as social studies and modern languages.
The usual method of university instruction is a combination of lectures, tutorials and seminars. Individual tuition is given at tutorials, while seminars are a form of group teaching. The academic yearin Great Britain’s universities is divided into three terms, which usually run from the beginning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of January to the end of March, and from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July.
University social life is characterized by the large number of societies and clubs which students organize for themselves. These cover a wide range from sport to such interests as drama, music, literature, science, religion and politics. At least half the universities have their own theatres. All universities have a Student Union or Council which oversees social activities and which may also provide meals, common rooms, libraries, games and halls where dances, debates, concerts and lectures may be held.
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