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Economists draw a distinction between short-run economic changes in production and long-run economic growth. Short-run variation in economic growth is termed the "business cycle." Briefly, the business cycle is made up of booms and busts in production that occur over a period or months or years. The most recent example of a business cycle was the global boom starting in approximately 2002 that ended with the bust of 2008-09. As discussed in the article on the business cycle, economists attribute the ups and downs in the business cycle to a number of causes including: overproduction of goods followed by large inventories that can't be readily sold, overexpansion of credit resulting in piling up of debt that inhibits purchasing, speculative bubbles, and shocks like wars, political upheavals and so on.
In contrast, the topic of economic growth is concerned with the long-run trend in production due to basic causes such as industrialization. The business cycle moves up and down, creating fluctuations in the long-run trend in economic growth.
Answer the questions:
1. What is short-run variation in economic growth termed?
2. What was the most recent example of a business cycle?
3. What is the topic of economic growth concerned with?
4. Do economists draw a distinction between short-run economic changes in production and long-run economic growth?
Вариант II.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола.
1. The profits of our employees have been increased for the last two years.
2. The ability to work is considered as one of the most important abilities you should possess to be accepted into our company.
3. The commodity exchange has been closed down today morning.
4. The tariffs and reduce trade restrictions between member countries are regulated by international organizations such as the WTO (World Trade Organization)
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов IT, THAT, ONE.
1. It was impossible for slave-owners to motivate the dependent but sometimes enthusiastic work force.
2. The theory says that the size of management can range from one person in a small organization to hundreds of managers in multinational companies.
3. The money that you make never seems to match the one that you need.
4. It was a low quality fuel that caused a plane crash.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения глаголов TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO.
1. I have to maintain my car myself because my car mechanic is on vacation.
2. Something is wrong with my car. I was disassembling the oil pump all the day long. I think oil has to be changed.
3. You do not have a right to approve purchasing requisition for office stationary.
4. I know I am being a baby but I can’t help it.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. The molecules every substance consists of are in a state of constant motion.
2. I don’t remember the title of the book I read half a year ago.
3. The excursions tourists are offered are really expensive in summer.
4. All the money I was able to save for so many years was supposed to be spent on my children’s future studies.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. The customers waited for the manager to register an order.
2. The summit talks are reported to be a success.
3. To increase the motivation of personnel company management should think about the ways how to stimulate it.
4. I regret to have answered you so late.
VI. Прочитайте и письмен5но переведите следующий текст. Письменно ответьте на вопросы после текста.
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