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A) Replace the underlined words by synonyms. - by highlighting the adverse effects on;

- by highlighting the adverse effects on;

- figures give an indicator;

- may pose few difficulties;

- a large number of;

- to identify the reason for this.

b) Give the antonyms of the following words:

- to dismiss;

- to succeed;

- to stay in business;

- to reduce;

- supply.

3. Give English equivalents of the following expressions and make up sentences of your own:

основні, провідні галузі промисловості, тенденція, тимчасове безробіття, резерв, сукупний.

4. Suggest Ukrainian equivalents:

- injections into the economy;

- insurmountable problems;

- key data;

- statistics are available to show;

- important items;

- building societies.

5. a) Read and translate the text in a written form:

EXCHANGES

An exchange is an organized meeting of persons in a permanent appointed place with the aim of buying and selling. The trading there is governed by certain rules and is limited to members of the exchange, who are known as brokers. There are two main types of exchanges: the Com­modity Exchange and the Stock Exchange.

Commodity Exchange (or produce exchange) is a market in which commodities (raw materials and some manufactured goods) are bought and sold for immediate or future delivery. Commodity markets/exchanges have been established in important cities of Great Britain, the USA and other countries for trading in cotton, wool, timber, wheat, hides and skins and other commodities. It is not necessary for the commodities to be physically exchanged; only rights to ownership need to be.

In Great Britain there is, for example, the Coal Exchange, the Timber Exchange, the Home and Foreign Produce Exchange and others, of which the following are world known: the Metal Exchange, the Wool Exchange, the grain market in the Baltic Exchange; furs are sold in Beaver House, the diamond trade is centered in Hatton Garden, and tea and rubber have their home in Plantation House. This building also accommodates the London Commodity Exchange dealing with cocoa and coffee, sugar, spices and vegetable oils. London has important commodity markets arising partly from its industrial and colonial history, and partly from the nature of its foreign trade.

b) Answer the following questions:

1. What are the two main types of exchanges do you know?

2. What commodities are traded on produce markets?

3. What are the largest commodity markets in the world?

6. Open the brackets using Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous:

1. Why she (to look) tired? – She (to work) all night.

2. Beth (to be) busy this morning, hasn’t she? – Yes. She already (to write) some letters and (to interview) four people.

3. What they (to do) now? – They (to discuss) a very important problem. They (to discuss) it for two hours; but they (not to reach) the agreement yet.

4. Where David (to be)? – He (to be) in the library. He (to work) there at the moment. – How long he (to be) there? – He (to work) for three hours.

5. You (to decide) where to go tonight? – I (to think) about it since eight o’clock but I (not to take) the decision yet.

b) Choose the necessary form of the Participle:

1. I am not satisfied with the terms (accepting/accepted) at the meeting.

2. The questions (put/putting) to the president were important.

3. While (asking/being asked) about that accident, the woman couldn’t say anything.

4. Did you see that (signing/signed) contract?

5. (Held/having held) tests show that equipment is up to standard.

7. Translate into English: