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APPENDIX. Use the table to tell about the four major geophysical methods used in oil exploration.

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SUMMARY OF THE FOUR MAJOR GEOPHYSICAL METHODS

Method Field Geologic Application Action and Control
I. Gravitational A. Torsion balance Oil Anticlinal structures; buried ridges; salt domes; faults; intrusions Spontaneous Action No depth Control
B. Pendulum C. Gravimeter   Salt domes; buried ridges; major structural trends
II. Magnetic Oil, mining Anticlinal structures; buried ridges; intrusions; faults; iron ore, pyrhotite, and associated iron ores; gold placers
III. Electrical A. Self-potential Mining Sulfide ore bodies
B. Galvanic application of primary energy 1. Potential distribution of secondary field measured (a) Equipotential, potential profile (b) Resistivity (c) Potential-drop ratio Mining, civil engineering, oil General stratigraphic and structural conditions; bedrock depth on dam sites; ground water; oil structures; sulfide ore bodies; highway problems; electrical logging Reaction to Energizing Fields Control of Depth Penetration
2. Electromagnetic field measured Mining Sulfide ore bodies
C. Inductive application of primary energy Oil, mining Faults; anticlinal, etc., structure; sulfide ore bodies
IV. Seismic A. Refraction Oil, civil engineering Salt domes; anticlinal etc., structures; faults; foundation & highway problems
B. Reflection Oil Low-dip structures; buried ridges; faults
               

(C.A. Heiland. Geophysical Exploration. NY, 1940)


REFERENCES

1. D.H. Griffiths, R.F. King Applied Geophysics for Geologists and Engineers. The Elements of Geophysical Prospecting. Oxford, 1981
2. C.A. Heiland. Geophysical Exploration. New York, 1940
3. Robert E. Sheriff's Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics
4. M. T. Sylvia, E.A. Robinson. Deconvolution of Geophysical Time Series in the Exploration for Oil and Natural Gas. Amsterdam-Oxford-New York, 1979
5. В.С. Белоусов. Нефтегазовая промышленность. Основные процессы и англо-русская терминология. – Москва: OOO «Техинпут», 2006.

 

INTERNET RESOURCES

http://www.wikipedia.org/

http://www.nj.gov/dep/njgs/geophys/seis.htm

http://www.ig.utexas.edu/about/history/reflection.htm?PHPSESSID=def1b9

http://www.geomore.com/Oil%20and%20Gas%20Traps.htm

http://science.howstuffworks.com/missing-gravity.htm

http://www.brainyquote.com/words/gr/gravity170416.html

http://www.fourmilab.ch/gravitation/foobar/

http://www.geosurvey.co.nz/services.html

http://www.cflhd.gov/agm/geoApplications/SurfaceMethods/931SelfPotentialMethod.htm

http://www.fe.doe.gov/education/energylessons/oil/oil2.html

 

 

Chapter 2

 

OIL EXPLORATION

Т. F. Dolgaya

UNIT 1



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