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| ASKING FOR PERMISSION | ||
| FORM | EXAMPLE | TRANSLATION |
| CAN(informal) COULD(more polite) | 1. Can / could I interrupt you for a second? | 1. Можна перервати вашу розмову на хвилинку? |
| MAY(formal) MIGHT(more formal) | 2. May / might I speak to the manager, please? | 2. Чи міг би я поговорити з менеджером? |
| REFUSING PERMISSION | ||
| MUSTN'T(is used for prohibition, it has an official tone and means that these things are against law or rule) | 1. I'm afraid you mustn't change the locks without the landlord's permission. | 1. Боюсь, не можна міняти замки без дозволу хазяїна. |
| CAN'T(informal, used to show no permission, it means you are not allowed) | 2. I'm afraid you can't enter the room. | 2. Боюся, ви не можете (вам не дозволяють) зайти в кімнату. |
| MAY NOT (formal, used in written notices) | 3. Rubbish may not be left here. | 3. Не можна залишати сміття. |
| TALKING ABOUT PERMISSION | ||
| CAN/BE ALLOWED TOwe use to talk about the future or present | 1. Pupils are allowed to (can) use the swimming pool free of charge. | 1. Учні можуть відвідувати басейн безкоштовно. |
| COULDis used for repeated actions to talk about the past. | 2. She could play with her friends after school. | 2. Їй дозволили грати з друзями після школи. |
| WAS/WERE ALLOWED TOis used for repeated or single actions to talk about the past. | 3. The reporter was allowed to take a photo of a pop singer. | 3. Репортерові дозво-лили сфотографувати поп-зірку. |
EXERCISE 12. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH AN APPROPRIATE PERMISSION WORD TO TALK ABOUT WHAT IS OR ISN'T PERMITTED AT THE UNIVERSITY.
1. Students ……… to eat in the classroom.
2. We ……… to bring food into the classroom yesterday.
3. Students ……… talk during the test, but last week we ……….
4. Students ……… use their dictionaries when they write compositions.
5. Students ……… write a test with a pencil, but yesterday I ……….
6. Students ……… sit in any seat they want.
7. Students ……… use their books during a test.
EXERCISE 13. FILL IN: CAN, COULDN'T, MAY, MUSTN'T, CAN'T OR (BE NOT) ALLOWED TO.
Jane: ……… I go out today?
Mother: You know you ……… go out during the week.
Jane: But I ……… go out last Saturday either. I think you are too strict.
Mother: You ……… speak with your mother like that.
Jane: ……… I have some friends over, then?
Mother: I'm afraid you ……… We are having the Blacks to dinner.
Jane: ……… I at least watch TV?
Mother: Yes, you ………, but only when you 've done your homework.
Jane: But I have already done it!
Mother: Oh, Well, in that case, you ……… go out, but you ……… be home late.
Jane: Thanks!
EXERCISE 14. WRITE FIVE SENTENCES TELLING WHAT YOU ARE PERMITTED OR NOT PERMITTED TO DO WHEN
1) you travel by air
2) you are in the library
3) you are driving a car
4) you are at disco
EXERCISE 15. MAKE UP AS MANY SENTENCES AS POSSIBLE USING MODAL VERBS EXPRESSING ABILITY, POSSIBILITY, LOGICAL ASSUNPTION
EXAMPLE: 'May I use your car?' 'You even mustn't look at it'. 'But I was allowed to drive it yesterday! You can't have forgotten about it!'
1. 2. 3.
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