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Stages of democratic transitions.

Democratic transitions are recent phenomena. It is the process in which states change from an authoritarian regime to a democracy. In a democracy, constituents choose leaders through fair and competitive elections. The transition operates in three main stages. The first step is when the hard-liner faces the popular revolution that claims for more rights; and the usual outcome of this is either a harsh (sometimes deadly) repression or the emergence of a “soft-liner” who accepts to negotiate and to grants more rights to the population. The second stage presents two following possibilities: either the dictator, who hold tightly on power, descend his army again the population or the negotiations end up in the organization of elections. The third stage is as decisive as the two previous ones. It is the outcome of the dictator’s “stubbornness” or that of the newly held elections. In most sad cases, the dictator usually succeeds to maintain his/her power by imposing military force. In the case elections prevail, there are to outcomes. The first being the birth of democracy, if actually all implied parties follow the pre-negotiated rules of the game (agreement). Another possibility in this third stage of transition is a return of violence when one of the parties betrays the previous agreements. In the case, the soft-liner may resort to force to assiege his/her authority, which returns the regime to authoritarianism; and this require the re-start of the whole process for the democratic transition to democracy to begin again.
20) Liberalisation, democratisation, consolidation.

In general, liberalization (or liberalisation) refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or economic policy. In some contexts this process or concept is often, but not always, referred to as deregulation.^[1] Liberalization of autocratic regimes may precede democratization (or not, as in the case of the Prague Spring).

In the arena of social policy it may refer to a relaxation of laws restricting for example divorce, abortion, or drugs

In the arena of civil rights policy it may refer to the elimination of laws prohibiting same-sex sexual relations, same-sex marriage, interracial marriage, or interfaith marriage

Democratization (or democratisation) is the transition to a more democratic political regime. It may be the transition from an authoritarian regime to a full democracy, a transition from an authoritarian political system to a semi-democracy or transition from a semi-authoritarian political system to a democratic political system. The outcome may be consolidated (as it was for example in the United Kingdom) or democratization may face frequent reversals (as it has faced for example in Argentina). Different patterns of democratization are often used to explain other political phenomena, such as whether a country goes to a war or whether its economy grows. Democratization itself is influenced by various factors, including economic development, history, and civil society. Consolidation is generally regarded as a period of indecision, which ends when the price of the asset breaks beyond the restrictive barriers. Periods of consolidation can be found in charts covering any time interval (i.e. hours, days, etc.), and these periods can last for minutes, days, months or even years. Lengthy periods of consolidation are often known as a base.